Elements of the Art of Music: Definition, History, Types, Flow and Functions of Music

Elements of the Art of Music: Definition, History, Types, Flow and Functions of Music - What are the Elements of the Art of Music? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss whether they are elements of the art of music and other things about the art of music. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Elements of the Art of Music: Definition, History, Types, Flow and Functions of Music

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The art of music is a branch of art that uses music as a means to express an expression of its maker. Meanwhile, music is an art that uses sounds arranged in such a way that contains rhythm, song, and harmony, especially in the sound produced from the tools that can generate rhythm. The elements of the art of music include the following:

• MelodyMelody is a level of high and low and long and short notes in the art of music. In a musical melody, it sounds like a note that seems to move towards the peak and then returns to its previous state.
• rhythmRhythm (rhythm) is a series of regular movements and becomes the basic element of music. This rhythm is formed from a group of sounds and pauses for short lengths in various times. and will form a rhythm pattern and move according to the pulse in each measure of the swing (Jamalus, 1998:7).
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• Harmony, Harmony is a branch of music science that discusses and talks about the beauty of musical composition (Banoe, 2003:180). Harmony is also a part that involves a continuous tone or key (chord).
• Dynamic, Dynamics is a level of loudness and softness of how to play music, loud and soft is needed so that the music doesn't sound monotonous or flat.
• Musical scaleThe scale is a sequence of notes arranged like a ladder. This scale is divided into two, namely diatonic and pentatonic scales. The diatonic scale is a scale consisting of 7 notes based on predetermined intervals. While the meaning of the pentatonic scale is a scale that only consists of 5 main notes.
• Birama, Is an element of art in the form of repeated beats or swings that are present regularly at the same time.
  The bars with an even denominator are called bainar bars, while those with an odd denominator are called tenair bars.
• Tempo, Is a measure of the speed of the song's meter. The faster a song is played, the greater the tempo value of the song. There are 8 tempo categories:
  • Largo (Very Slow)
  • Lento (Slower)
  • Adagio (Slow)
  • Andante (Moderate)
  • Moderate (Moderate Moderately Fast)
  • Allegro (Fast)
  • Vivace (Faster)
  • Presto (Very Fast).
• timbre, Represents the quality or color of sound. The existence of timbre is strongly influenced by the sound source and the way it vibrates. The timbre produced by wind instruments will be different from that of a stringed instrument, even if they are played at the same pitch.
• Expression, The expression of feelings from the heart can be shown through expressions, whether happy, sad, romantic, and others

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Understanding the Art of Music

Definition of music According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), music is the science or art of composing tones or sounds in sequences, combinations, and temporal relationships to produce compositions (sounds) that have unity and continuity.

The word music comes from the Greek word mousikos, which is taken from the name of one of the Greek gods. Mousikos is symbolized as a god of beauty and master of a field of art and science.

Reported by the Encyclopaedia Britannica (2015), music is an art that combines vocal or instrumental sounds for the beauty of form or emotional expression. Usually according to cultural standards of rhythm, melody, and harmony. Music is an art that permeates every human society.

In the Big Indonesian Dictionary (1990: 602) Music is: the science or art of composing tones or sounds uttered, combinations and temporal relationships to produce compositions (sounds) which has balance and unity, tones or sounds arranged in such a way as to contain rhythm, song and harmony (especially those which can produce sounds That).

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History of Music

Music has been known since the presence of humans Homo sapiens which is about 180,000 to 100,000 years ago. No one knows who was the first person to know the art of music. The oldest musical instrument is the flute which is made of hollowed out bone. Usually comes from the femur of a bear. The flute is thought to have been made 40,000 years ago. The largest collection of ancient musical instruments found in China dates from 7000 to 6600 BC. Inscriptions containing Hurrian songs dated to 1400 BC are the oldest musical notation ever recorded.

In the book History of Music and Appreciation in Asia (2012) by Sila Widyatama, music is an appreciation of the contents of the human heart which is expressed in the form of regular sounds with melodies or rhythms and has elements or harmony beautiful. The term music is known from the Greek word "music".

Musike comes from the word muse-muse, namely the nine Greek gods under the god Apollo who protect the arts and sciences. In ancient Greek methodology, it means a beauty that comes from the generosity of the gods which is manifested as talent.

Then this understanding was emphasized by Okel Pythagoras, that music is not just a gift (talent) from the gods, but music occurs because of the human mind in forming theories. Pythagoras, who was the first musical numerologist and laid the foundation for acoustics. In acoustics the Greeks discovered the correspondence between the pitch of a note and the length of the string.

In the 20th century, the invention of the radio became a new way to listen to music. Music in modern times focuses more on rhythm, style and sound. But music in this era does not recognize the existence of laws and regulations. The invention of sound recorders and tools for editing music gave classical music a new genre. Thus, people are more free to express their expression through music.

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Types of Music Art

Lots of branches of music art and types of music art have been created because of the turn of this era, here are some types of music, including:

Traditional music

The meaning of this traditional music is an inheritance from the ancestors which describes an area using a distinctive music. This music grows in a certain area and is passed down from generation to generation. Therefore this music uses the language and style and traditions of the area

Characteristics of traditional music :

• Learned orally.
• Has no notation.
• Traditional music is informal
• The required player is not specialized.
• Song lyrics used in the local language.
• Involving local musical instruments.
• One part of the culture of society

Modern Music

The definition of modern music is a music that was born not because of the traditions of society but this modern music is a music that has been acculturated with a new culture and technology both in terms of instruments and the way of presentation the music.

Modern music is always developing along with the times, modern music art is global or universal. Connoisseurs of this modern music are not only the local people themselves but starting from ordinary people can also understand and enjoy this modern music.

Characteristics of modern music:

• Using a variety of musical instruments and modern.
• The style of music that is not bound by rules tends to be free.
• Using the national language.
• Raising a general concept and theme of modern life.
• Have copies and documents that
• Tend to have the right tempo.
• Used as a means of entertainment and distribution of artist expression.

Contemporary Music

The definition of contemporary music art is a popular musical art since the 1990s, this music using not the original instrument, but the tone of the instrument is quite good like a musical instrument original. Examples of its use such as musical instruments that use used goods or so on.

Characteristics of contemporary music :

•  Has complex tonal variations.
• Has a varied tempo and dynamics.
• The sound sources of musical instruments vary not only from musical instruments.
• Have a variety of colors or types of sound.

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Stream of Music Arts

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  Gambus
  Gambus is a stringed instrument like a mandolin originating from the Middle East. At least the harp is fitted with 3 strings to a maximum of 12 strings. Gambus is played while accompanied by a drum. His musical instruments consist of violin, drum, tabla and flute.

• Kasida
  Kasidah (qasidah, qasida; Arabic: “قصيدة”, Persian: قصیده or چكامه read: chakameh) is a sung form of Arabic literary epic. Singers sing lyrics filled with praise (religious preaching and satire) for Muslims. Kasidah is a sound art that breathes Islam, where the songs contain many elements of Islamic da'wah and good advice according to Islamic teachings.
• Nasyid
  Nasyid is one of the Islamic arts in the field of sound art. Usually these are songs that are Islamic in style and contain words of advice, stories of the prophets, praising Allah, and the like. Usually the nasyid is sung a cappella accompanied only by drums. This method emerged because many Islamic scholars prohibited the use of musical instruments except percussion instruments.
• Blues
  Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a musical genre that was created primarily in African-American communities Deep South United States in the late 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, and rhythmic simple narratives ballad .
• Jazz
  The music that is referred to as Jazz is usually much liked by the middle class, because the music is soft but sometimes stomping with very good melodic variations.
• Country
  This type comes from the United States, which includes old music.
• rock
  This type of music is much liked by young people who are young at heart, because the rhythm of the music is resounding, loud, fast, and in accordance with the adrenaline of young people.
• Dangdut music
  This type of music is very familiar to the ears of the Indonesian people, because the origin of this music is domestic production. This music is very much liked by the lower class, but also many upper class who really like this music. Usually appears as a warning at events in the community such as friends, congratulations, etc.
• Copy Music
  This type of music is a development of dangdut music in collaboration with rock music, which makes this music a new style of music that has emerged in society.
• Roncong
  Keroncong is a type of Indonesian music that has a historical connection with a type of Portuguese music known as fado. The history of keroncong in Indonesia can be traced back to the end of the 16th century, when Portuguese power began to weaken in the archipelago.

Music Art Function

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  Music As A Means Of Self Expression
  Music can be used as a means of self-expression because music artists will find it easier to express or express their feelings through music.

• Music as a Means of Entertainment
  Music can also be a means of entertainment, because music is very entertaining when played.
• Music as a Means of Ceremony
  Music in Indonesia will always be closely related to certain ceremonies such as marriages, births, deaths, as well as religious and state ceremonies.
• Music as a Means of Dance
  Music also functions as a dance accompaniment, because it is always suitable when associated with dance. Both are related to each other by the existence of a similar pattern and rhythm to each other otherwise, a dance without musical accompaniment will feel empty (empty) and make it difficult for the singer dancer.
• Music as an Educational Means
  Music can also be used as an educational medium, music is used in a learning process at school. Music is used to create a sense of love for the homeland for students through songs of struggle.

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