Geographic Information System: Definition, Benefits, and Scope
Geographic Information System: Definition, Benefits, and Scope – In this discussion we will explain about GIS or geographic information systems. Which includes the meaning of GIS, benefits, components, scope which are discussed in full and lightly. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Geographic Information System: Definition, Benefits, and Scope
Let's first discuss what is the meaning of a geographic information system carefully.
Definition of Geographic Information System (GIS)
The definition of a Geographic Information System (GIS) is a special information system that works to process data that has special information (spatial reference). In other terms, a geographic information system is a computer system that has the ability to build, store, manage, and display geo-referenced information, such as data identified by its location in databases.
Understanding Geographic Information Systems According to (Prahasta, 2005)
- System
This term is used to represent the systems approach used in Geographic Information Systems, with complex environment and fragmented components, the system is used to facilitate its understanding and handling integrated. Computer technology is indispensable for this approach so that almost all computer-based information systems.
- Information
Information comes from processing a number of data. In Geographic information systems information has the largest volume. Each geographic object has its own data settings because the existing data is not fully represented on the map. So, all data must be associated with spatial objects that can make intelligent maps. When the data is associated with a representative geographic surface, it is able to provide information by simply clicking the mouse on the object.
- Geographical
This term is used because geographic information systems are based on geography or objects. This object refers to a specific location in a space. Objects can be physical, cultural or economic. The appearance is displayed on the map to provide an overview of the spatial representation of an object in accordance with the reality on earth. Symbols, colors, and line styles are used to represent each of the different spatial dimensions on a two-dimensional map. Currently, computer technology has been able to assist the mapping process through the development of automatic map making (map making) and Computer Aided Design (CAD).
Benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
The benefits of geographic information systems are as follows:
Land Use Management
Geographic information systems can also help planning at each level in land use in cities which are divided into residential, industrial, trade, offices, public facilities and green belts and the results can also be used as a reference in the development of these facilities needed.
Natural Resource Inventory
The benefits of GIS for natural resource wealth are:
- In order to know the distribution of several natural resources, such as oil, coal, gold, iron and other mining materials.
- To find out the distribution of land areas, such as:
- Potential land area and critical land
- To find out the forests that are still maintained and fit and the forests that have been damaged
- Areas of agricultural land and plantations
- Take advantage of changes in land development
- Land rehabilitation and conservation
Supervision of Natural Disaster Areas
In supervising natural disaster areas, GIS has benefits including:
- Look at the area of natural disasters.
- For prevention in the event of a natural disaster in the future
- Determine the level of erosion hazard
- Predict the height of the flood
- Predict drought levels
- Develop plans for redevelopment of the disaster area
Urban and Regional Planning Sector
- Resource Field: For example land suitability, settlements, agriculture, plantations, land use, mining and energy, analysis of disaster-prone areas.
- Field of Spatial Planning: For example, regional spatial planning, industrial areas, markets, settlements and others.
- Field of Management/Infrastructure: For example the water supply system, planning and expansion of the electricity network.
- Tourism Sector: For example, an inventory of tourism and an analysis of the tourism potential of an area.
- Transportation Sector: For example, an inventory of public transport networks, planning for the expansion of the road network system, analysis of areas prone to traffic jams and accidents.
- Social and Cultural Sector: For example, to find out the extent and distribution of the population of an area, data collection and development growth and development centers in an area, industrial areas, schools, hospitals, entertainment and office.
Geographic Information System (GIS) Components
Geographic information system components are as follows.
Hardware
Hardware is a physical device which is a part of a computer system to support the process of analyzing and geographic mapping.
GIS hardware has the ability to display images with high resolution and speed and supports data-based operations with large volumes of data quickly. Hardware used for geographic information systems consists of various parts, namely data importer, data processing and printer output processing. According to the process is divided into:
- Input data: mouse, digitizer, scanner
- Process data: hard disk, processor, RAM, VGA Card
- Output data: plotter, printer, screening
Software (Software)
Software or software is a tool used to carry out the process of storing, analyzing, visualizing data spatially or non-spatially. The software included in the GIS consists of:
- Tools for inputting and manipulating GIS data
- Database Management System (DBMS)
- Tools for data analysis
- Tool for displaying data from analysis results
Data
In principle, data consists of two types in GIS, namely:
-
Spatial Data
Spatial data is a real embodiment of an area on the surface of the earth. Usually presented in the form of a map, with images in digital format and stored in the form of an image (raster) that has a certain value. -
Non Spatial Data
Non-spatial data is data in the form of tables where these tables contain information that is owned by objects in spatial data. The data is in the form of tabular data which is integrated with each other with existing spatial data.
Man
Humans are the most important element in geographic information systems because humans are the designers and users of GIS. In the use of geographic information systems there are levels as well as other information systems, from the specialist level technicians who design and manage the system, so that users who use GIS can be assisted in their work daily.
Method
Each problem in the method used in GIS will be different. A good GIS is related to its design and originality.
Scope of Geographic Information System (GIS)
The following is the scope of GIS, the scope of Sig itself consists of five basic processes or stages, namely:
Data input
The data input process is used to enter spatial and non-spatial power data. Spatial data can be in the form of analog maps. GIS must use digital maps so that analog maps must be converted into digital maps using digitizer tools. Apart from that, the digitization process can also be done with an overlay process by scanning an analog map.
Data Manipulation
The type of data required by a geographic information system may have to be manipulated to suit the system being used. Therefore, GIS is capable of performing editing functions for both spatial and non-spatial data.
Data Management
If the spatial data has been inputted, the next process is non-spatial data processing. Non-spatial data processing includes the use of a DBMS to store large amounts of data.
Query and Analysis
Query is an analysis process that is carried out tabularly. Fundamentally, GIS can perform two types of data analysis, namely:
-
Proximity Analysis
Proximity analysis is geographical analysis based on the distance between layers. Geographic information systems use a buffering process to determine the closeness of the relationship between the properties of the existing parts. -
Overlays analysis
Overlay is the process of merging data on different layers. Overlay is a visual operation that requires more than one layer which is then put together in a physical form.
Visualization
For some types of geographic operations, the end result is best presented as a map or graph. Maps are very effective for storing and providing geographic information.
Thus has been explained about Geographic Information System: Definition, Benefits, and Scope hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
List of contents
Recommendation:
- Motivational short stories: definition, writing tips and examples Motivational Short Stories: Definition, Writing Tips and Examples - What is a Motivational Short Story?, On On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is the Short Story of Friendship and other things about it. Let's see…
- Information Systems: Definition, Purpose, Functions, Components,… Information Systems: Definition, Purpose, Functions, Components, Characteristics, Majors, Examples - What is meant with an Information System? On this occasion, Around the Knowledge.co.id will discuss what is a system Information…
- √ Definition of Social Geography According to Experts, Characteristics, Elements… Definition of Social Geography According to Experts, Characteristics, Elements & Concepts - In this discussion we will explain about social geography. An explanation that includes the notion of social geography based on experts, characteristics...
- Types of Official Letters, Characteristics, Functions and Examples Types of Official Letters, Characteristics, Functions and Examples - What are the types of official letters? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things as well covered it. Let…
- Computer Hardware: How it Works, Types, Examples and… Computer Hardware: How it Works, Types, Examples and Functions - In today's computerized era, we are definitely familiar with computers and their devices. However, some may not know...
- √ Definition of Frequency Distribution, Type, Composition and… Definition of Frequency Distribution, Types, Arrangement and Parts - In this discussion we will explain about Frequency Distribution. Which includes the definition, types and arrangement of frequency distributions with complete and easy discussion...
- Optical Instruments: Definition, Functions, Types and Parts Optical Instruments: Definition, Functions, Types and Parts - What are optical devices and what are their types? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that...
- √ Definition of Mean, Median, Mode (Formulas, Example Questions) Definition of Mean, Median, and Mode In statistics, there is a measure of the concentration of data. Some measures of data centering that you need to know are the mean, median, and mode. What are the mean, median, and mode...
- Network Topology: Definition, Types and Characteristics Network Topology: Definition, Types and Characteristics - What is a network topology? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss this and of course other things as well covered it. Let's take a look at the discussion on...
- Measures of Data Spread: Definition, Range, Deviation,… Measures of Spread of Data: Definition, Range, Deviation, Overlay, Quartiles and Their Formulas - How to measure distribution of data? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss the formula for measuring data distribution as well as things other…
- √ Definition of Capital Structure, Components, Theories & Factors… Definition of Capital Structure, Components, Theories & Factors (Complete) - In this discussion we will explain about Capital Structure. Which includes the understanding of capital structure, capital structure components, capital structure theory, and…
- √ Review Text: Definition, Purpose, Structure and Examples Review Text: Definition, Purpose, Structure and Examples - On this occasion, Around Knowledge will discuss review text. Which explains the meaning of review text, purpose, characteristics, structure, types and…
- Indonesia's Geographical Conditions: Location, Land Condition, System… Geographical Conditions of Indonesia: Location, Land Conditions, Drainage Systems, Weather, Population Conditions and Flora Distribution Fauna - How is the Geographical Condition in Indonesia? Condition…
- 41 Definition of Corruption According to Experts 41 Definition of Corruption According to Experts – On this occasion we will discuss Corruption. The discussion includes the definition of corruption according to experts, forms of corruption, factors that become...
- √ 8 Definitions of Database According to Experts, Types, Functions &… 8 Understanding Databases According to Experts, Types, Functions & Benefits - In this discussion we will explain databases or what in Indonesian is databases. The discussion includes the definition, types,...
- Ergonomics Is: Purpose, Benefits, Principles and Space… Ergonomics Is: Purpose, Benefits, Principles and Scope - In this discussion we will explain about Ergonomics. Which includes the understanding of ergonomics, objectives, benefits, principles and scope that...
- Friendship Short Stories: Definition, Writing Tips and Examples Friendship Short Stories: Definition, Writing Tips and Examples - What are Friendship Short Stories like? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is the Short Story of Friendship and other things about it. Let's see together…
- 24 Definition of Information According to Experts (Discussion… 24 Definitions of Information According to Experts (Full Discussion) - Here, aroundknowledge.com will discuss information, surely everyone is familiar with the word. Information is something that is very important for someone…
- Mathematical Induction: Principles, Proof of Series, Divisibility,… Mathematical Induction: Principles, Proof of Series, Divisibility, Equations and Example Problems - What is Mathematical Induction ?On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss about Baseball and other things covers it.…
- √ Definition of Self-Esteem, Aspects, Sources, Components, Factors and… Understanding Self-Esteem, Aspects, Sources, Components, Factors and How to Grow It - In this discussion we will explain about self-esteem. Which includes the notion of self-esteem, the importance of self-esteem, aspects and...
- The Proposal Is: Functions, Purpose, Elements, Writing System &… Proposals Are: Functions, Purpose, Elements, Writing Systems & Types - On this occasion we will explain about the proposal. An explanation that includes the meaning of the proposal, the function of the proposal, the purpose of the proposal, the elements of the proposal,…
- Definition of Data Communication and Components &… Definition of Data Communication and Its Components & Characteristics - On the last occasion we have discussing the meaning of data, this time a little different, here we will discuss what it is data communication,…
- Types of Drones, Terms, Parts, Basic Principles And… Types of Drones, Terms, Parts, Basic Principles and Movement - What are the types of drones and function?, On this occasion Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things Also…
- Short Recount Text Example: Definition, Characteristics, Types and… Short Recount Text Example: Definition, Characteristics, Types and Structure of Recount Text - What is meant with recount text and what kind of example? discuss…
- 38 Definition of Management & Basic Management According to Experts 38 Definition of Management & Basic Management According to Experts - When we have entered college, there we will meet one of the courses, namely Management. In this course we…
- Microsoft Excel Is A Data Processing Application Program… Microsoft Excel is a very useful data processing application program. For some people, you must be familiar with Microsoft Excel, because you are used to using it. Microsoft Excel is an application program…
- Vector: Definition, Material, Formulas and Example Problems Vector: Definition, Material, Formulas and Example Problems - What is meant by Vector in operation mathematics? On this occasion, Around the Knowledge.co.id will discuss vectors and other matters about it.…
- Environmental Speech: Definition, Purpose, Characteristics and… Environmental Speech: Definition, Purpose, Characteristics and Examples - How is the text of environmental speech structured? what's good and right?, On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course things Which…
- The thesis is: Definition, Characteristics, Purpose, Types,… Thesis is: Definition, Characteristics, Purpose, Types, Characteristics - In this discussion we will explain about the thesis. The explanation here includes the definition of the thesis, the characteristics of the thesis, the purpose of the thesis, the type of the thesis, the characteristics...
- Short Story Text: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Elements and Examples Short Story Text: Definition, Characteristics, Structure, Elements and Examples - What is a Short Story Text? Let us…