Spinal Cord: Definition, Location, Function and Structure
Spinal Cord: Definition, Location, Function and Structure –Does anyone know the term spinal cord? Maybe many don't understand that it is another name for the spinal cord. To better understand it, let's look at the discussion in the article below.
Spinal Cord: Definition, Location, Function and Structure
The spinal cord or spinal cord are thin nerves which are an extension of the central nervous system from the brain and surround and are protected by the spinal column. or a network of nerves shaped like white wires that extend from the medulla oblongata down through the spine and branch out to various parts of the body.
The spinal cord is the main part of the central nervous system that carries sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain. Also called spinal nerves or spinal cord. The location of the spinal cord, extending in the spinal cavity, starting from the cervical vertebrae to the second lumbar vertebra.
The meninges are used to cover the spinal cord. When viewed crosswise, the spinal cord on the outside will appear white (substance alba) and on the inside which has a butterfly-like shape, is gray (substance grissea).
Lots of axon content (neurites) on the white part with myelin covering it. This section functions as a conductor of impulses to the brain and from the brain to the effector. Then, the part that is gray in color contains nerve fibers without myelin. to distinguish in this section there are 2 roots namely dorsal or posterior roots and ventral roots or anterior roots. The dorsal root contains sensory neurons, while the ventral root contains motor neurons.
Spinal Cord Function
The main function of the spinal cord is the transmission of incoming stimuli between the periphery and the brain.
As for the functions of the spinal cord, they are as follows:
- Conduction of impulses from receptors (senses) to the brain,
- Conductor of impulses from the brain to receptors (senses),
- Connecting the brain with the rest of the body,
- Center for reflex action and provide the shortest possible path for reflex action.
Structure of the spinal cord
The spinal cord is a cylindrical collection of nerves starting at the base of the brain and extending down the spinal canal. The spinal cord is divided into several segments, each segment having a pair of nerve roots on the right and left. The anterior (ventral) or efferent nerve roots act as motor, while the posterior (dorsal) or afferent nerve roots act as sensory.
The segments of the spinal cord are grouped into several areas, in order from top to bottom, namely:
- Cervical (neck), consists of 8 nerve roots.
- Thoracic (chest), consists of 12 nerve roots.
- Lumbar (abdominal), consists of 5 nerve roots.
- The sacrum (pelvis), consists of 5 nerve roots.
- Coccygeus (coccyx), consists of 1 nerve root.
From each of these areas, nerve fibers will spread to certain parts of the body and organs according to their level. For example, the thoracic nerve means innervating the chest, skin, respiratory muscles, and internal organs. And so on to the feet.
Function of the White and Gray Parts of the Spinal Marrow
If in cross-section, you will see the structure of the spinal cord which is divided into two, namely the gray butterfly-shaped part and the white part that surrounds the gray part.
The white matter (white matter) is made up of nerve fibers called axons, which extend up and down the length of the spinal cord. Each axon group carries certain information that needs to be communicated. The ascending axon tracts communicate with the brain, while the descending axon pathways carry signals from the brain to various muscles and glands throughout the body.
Meanwhile, the gray matter (grey substance) in the spinal cord is further divided into several special functions. If the gray area is divided into two parts, each part has parts called dorsal horns, ventral horns, and lateral horns. The dorsal and ventral horns are connected to the skeletal muscles, while the lateral horns are connected to the cardiac and smooth muscles.
Spinal Cord Anatomy
Anatomy in scientific language is anthropotomy which means studying the parts or structures of the human body. Anatomy itself is composed of organ systems, organs, tissues and cells.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Spinal cord, Hope it is useful.
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