√ Definition of Hypertension, Types, Causes and Prevention
Understanding Hypertension, Types, Causative Factors and Prevention – In this discussion we will explain about Hypertension. Which includes the understanding, types and factors that cause and how to prevent hypertension with a complete and easy-to-understand discussion.
Understanding Hypertension, Types, Causative Factors and Prevention
For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Hypertension
WHO (2013): Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is blood pressure caused by the suppression of blood on the walls of blood vessels (arters) when pumped by heart.
Blood is carried from the heart, to the rest of the body through the blood vessels. Every time the heart beats, the heart will pump blood causing pressure on each blood vessel.
Types of Hypertension
Kaplan (2002) and Udjianti (2010) stated that according to the reasons hypertension is divided into 2 types, namely:
Essential Hypertension (Idiopathic)
Essential hypertension (idiopathic) is hypertension for which the cause is not known with certainty, which covers 90-95% of patients. The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is believed to be the result of the interaction of various factors, both genetic and non-genetic environment, such as salt intake, alcohol consumption habits, stress, obesity, lack of physical activity and consumption saturated fat.
Secondary Hypertension
Lilyasari (2007) states that secondary hypertension is hypertension with known specific causes. Secondary hypertension attacks 5-10% of sufferers and the causes are:
- Kidney disease is the most important cause of secondary hypertension. Renovascular hypertension is related to narrowing of one or more of the arteries that carry blood directly to the kidneys. As many as 90% of renal artery lesions in clients with hypertension are caused by atherosclerosis or fibrous dysplasia (abnormal growth of fibrous tissue).
- Endocrine disease is an endocrine disorder that can cause secondary hypertension such as hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia and acromegaly.
- Cuartation of the aorta is a congenital aortic narrowing that can become an obstacle to blood flow through the aortic arch and cause an increase in blood pressure above the area of contraction.
- Hypertension in pregnancy, hypertension experienced in pregnant women is called pereclampsia. Often this hypertension will return to normal after delivery, but there are also those who persist after childbirth in women. Women who have had preeclampsia are at greater risk of developing hypertension in the future.
- Neurological disorders, for example brain tumors, encephalitis and psychiatric disorders.
Hypertension Symptoms
The symptoms of hypertension include:
- Have a headache
- The feeling of soreness and pain in the neck
- Insomnia
- There was an increase in blood pressure> 140/90 mmHg
- Eyes become dizzy
- Chest feels pounding
- Get tired quickly
- Ringing ears
Factors that Cause Hypertension
WHO (2013) stated that there are three factors that can cause hypertension, namely:
Behavioral Factors
- Consume foods that are high in fat and salt, and also consume less fruits and vegetables
- Drink alcohol
- Little physical activity
- Psychological factors and stress
- Smoke
Economic and Social Factors
- Income. Sufficient income or income can help someone to be able to eat healthy food. And also income and work problems can also cause stress which can trigger hypertension.
- Education. Adequate public education and knowledge can prevent hypertension from occurring.
Metabolic Factors
Metabolic factors can increase the risk of developing hypertension which can lead to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes and heart failure, including:
- Age, blood pressure becomes high according to age, starting from the age of 40 years.
- Obesity
- High cholesterol levels in the blood
- Diabetes
- genetics
Prevention of Hypertension
As for preventing hypertension, you can do the following activities:
- Do regular exercise according to ability
- Maintain body weight to remain ideal
- Consume healthy fruits and vegetables
- Reduce consumption of salt and also foods that are high in fat
- Changing unhealthy lifestyles
- Avoid stress
- Carry out regular health checks
Thus has been explained about Understanding Hypertension, Types, Causative Factors and Prevention, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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