Free Falling Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Examples of Problems
Free Falling Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Examples of Problems – What is meant by free fall and how to calculate the physics? Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it
Free Falling Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Examples of Problems
Free Falling Motion (GJB) is a form of rectilinear motion in the Changing Straight Motion group Regular (GLBB) where the movement of objects is only influenced by gravitational forces and frictional forces air. Free fall is a movement that occurs without an initial velocity on the object (the initial velocity is zero).
Free fall is a fall that is only influenced by gravity and is free from obstacles from other forces. Free fall motion including GLBB is accelerated with an initial velocity Vo = zero and an acceleration equal to the acceleration of gravity (g).
During GJB, the movement of objects will be influenced by two main forces, namely the gravitational force which makes the speed increase and frictional force with the air which inhibits the addition of speed, in this case the direction of the gravitational force is always opposite to the frictional force object.
Free fall is defined as the motion of an object dropped from a certain height above the ground without initial velocity and is only influenced by gravity in its motion.
Characteristics of Free Fall Motion (GJB)
- Has a vertical straight line cross paths
- Has no initial velocity (the initial velocity is equal to zero)
- There is a change in velocity (acceleration or deceleration of the object)
- Movement occurs from a height
- Influenced by gravity and air frictional forces.
- The object's acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity (a = g).
Free Fall Motion Formula
Free fall can be shown that an object falls without initial velocity from a height h and is affected by the acceleration due to gravity g.
Mathematically, free fall motion is written:
vt = v0 + a.t
Because v0 = 0 and a = g, the formula above changes to:
vt = g.t
information: vt = velocity (m/s), g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2), and t = time (s).
The formula for finding an object height (h) can replace the equation of straight motion changing uniformly, so that the equation for the height of an object for free fall is obtained, namely:
h = ½ g.t2
To determine the speed of an object falling freely from a height h, it can be determined using the formula:
Vt = V0 + a x t
Vt = g. t
h = ½ g. t²
Vt² = 2. g. h
Information :
- Vt: Speed at t seconds (m/s)
- V0: Initial speed (m/s)
- g: Acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
- h: Height (m)
- t: Time(s)
Physical Quantity in Free Falling Motion (GJB)
-
Speed (v)
Speed is a quantity in physics that shows how fast an object moves from one place to another. The international unit used for speed is meters per second (m/s).
But in everyday life in Indonesia, we often use kilometers per hour (km/hour), while in America we use miles per hour (miles/hour). Speed can be obtained by multiplying the distance traveled by the time traveled. The symbol for speed is v.
Distance(s)
Distance is a quantity in physics that shows how far an object changes its position in a certain trajectory.
The international unit for distance is the meter (m), but in everyday life in Indonesia, we often use the kilometer (km) unit.
Meanwhile, in America, miles or feet are often used. The result of the distance can be obtained by multiplying the speed by the travel time. Distance in Free Fall is the height of the object from the surface.
Travel Time (t)
Travel time is the time needed for an object to move from one position to another at a certain speed.
The international unit of travel time is second (s), the symbol used to represent travel time is t. Travel time can be obtained by dividing the distance by the speed.
Acceleration (a)
Acceleration is the change in speed that occurs in an object, occurs due to the influence of the force acting on the object or because of the state of the object.
Because the changes that occur to objects in GJB are affected by the force of gravity, the acceleration is the same as the acceleration due to gravity.
The value of the acceleration due to gravity that is used if it is not known in a problem is 9.81m/s² or even becomes 10m/s². The symbol used to represent gravity is g.
Examples of Free Fall Motion Questions (GJB)
Problem 1
A coconut freely falls from a tree that is 20 meters high. If the acceleration due to gravity is 10 m/s2, how long will it take the coconut to reach the ground if there is no air friction?
Discussion
Is known
g = 10m/s2
v0 = 0 m/s
h = 20 m
Completion
h = V0 t + ½ g t2
20 = 1/2 10 t2
t2 = 20/5
t = 2 s
So, the time it takes for the durian to reach the ground is 2 s.
Problem 2
An object is released from a height of 20 meters above the ground (g = 10 m/s^2). What is the speed of the object after it reaches a height of 15 meters above the ground?
Completion:
Is known:
h1 = 20 m
h2 = 15 m
g = 10m/s^2
Asked:
vt = ….?
Answer:
h = h1 – h2
h = 20 – 15
h = 5 m
Then we can determine the final velocity:
vt2 = 2gh
vt 2 = 2.10.5
vt 2 = 100
vt = Root of 100
vt = 10m/s
So, the falling speed of the object is 10 m/s.
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