Definition of Pressure: Types of Pressure, Formulas and Example Problems
Definition of Pressure: Types of Pressure, Formulas and Example Problems – What is Pressure? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss what pressure is and the other elements that surround it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Definition of Pressure: Types of Pressure, Formulas and Example Problems
In the book Chemistry: Understanding Substance and Matter (2015) by Russell Kuhtz, the notion of pressure in a substance is a physical unit for expressing force per unit area. The force referred to here is the force perpendicular to the surface of an object. Pressure units are often used to measure the strength of a liquid or gas.
The unit of pressure can be related to the unit of volume (content) and temperature. The higher the pressure in a place with the same contents, the higher the temperature. This can be used to explain why the temperature in the mountains is lower than in the lowlands, because in the lowlands the pressure is higher.
However, except for water vapor, if the pressure of water vapor is increased there will be a change from gas back to liquid. The smaller the surface area, with the same force will get higher pressure. Air pressure can be measured using a barometer.
Types of Pressure
In general, there are two types of pressure, including:
Hydrostatic Pressure or Liquid Pressure
Hydrostatic comes from the word hydro which means water and static which means fixed, so it means the pressure on a liquid in a state of rest. The main things that affect hydrostatic pressure in a place include depth, the density of the liquid, and the force of gravity at that place.
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that occurs under water. This pressure occurs because of the weight of the water which makes the liquid exert pressure. The pressure of a liquid depends on the depth of the liquid in a space and gravity also determines the pressure of the water.
Hydrostatic Pressure Formula
P = ρgh
Information:
P = hydrostatic pressure (Pascal or N/m2)
ρ = density of liquid (kg/m3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (10 m/s2)
h = depth of liquid (m), calculated from the surface of the water to the depth of the object.
Air pressure
Air pressure is the pressure that moves the mass of air in any given unit area. The measuring instrument used to measure air pressure is called a barometer. The unit for air pressure is millibars (mb). The amount of air pressure will be inversely proportional to the height of a place, the higher the place, the lower the air pressure, and vice versa.
The atmosphere is a layer that protects the earth. This layer extends up to 1000 km above the earth and has a mass of 4.5 x 1018 kg. The mass of the atmosphere pressing on the surface is called atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 76 cmHg.
Physical Quantity Associated with Pressure
Style Amount
Force is any form of interaction that can cause an object with mass to change motion. Judging from its value and direction, force is a vector quantity in physics because force has both magnitude and direction.
Meanwhile, judging from its type, force is a derived quantity because its value is obtained not from direct measurements but by connecting it to the principal influencing quantities.
The International (SI) unit used for force is the Newton (N). The symbol used to represent style is F (capital letter).
The measuring instrument that is usually used to measure force is a dynamometer or spring balance. In affecting an object, a force can change the position of the object, change its motion, or change the shape of the object.
To do a style requires effort, the greater the force you want to do, the greater the effort that must be expended.
Area Amount
Area is a derived physical quantity that expresses the two-dimensional size of a part of a surface. Its value is obtained from multiplying two units of length of an object.
The International (SI) unit for area is the square meter (m2). The symbol used to represent area is A (capital letter).
The shape of the object will affect its area, for example if the shape of the object is square then the area is obtained from multiplying the two sides, if the shape of the object is rectangular, then the area is obtained from multiplying the length and width.
If the shape of the object is a circle, then the area is obtained by multiplying phi by the radius squared, whereas if the shape is a triangle, the area of the object is obtained by multiplying the base by the height.
Formulas and Pressure Units
General Pressure Formula
p = F/A
Information:
p = Pressure (Pa)
F = Force (N)
A = Field area (A)
Hydrostatic Pressure Formula
p = ρg h
Where
ρ = density
g = gravitational force (m/s2)
h = depth of object from the surface of the liquid (m)
Air Pressure Formula
h = (760-x) 10
Where
h = the height of a place (m)
x = pressure of the place (mmHg)
From the equation above, we can conclude that the general dimension of pressure is M/LT2.
Example of a Pressure Problem
1. Kebumen City is 200 m above sea level. If the pressure above sea level is 76 cmHg, determine the air pressure in the city of Kebumen, express it in cmHg!
Discussion
Is known
For every 100 m rise, the outside air pressure decreases by 1
h Kebumen = 200 m pressure drop 2
Completion
P = 76 – 2
P = 74 cmHg
So the air pressure in Kebumen is 74 cmHg
2. A force of 800 N acts on a surface area of 5 m2. How much pressure does this force produce?
Discussion
Is known
F = 800 N
A = 5 m2
Completion
p = F/A
p = 800/5
p = 160 Pa
so the pressure on the problem is 160 Pa
3. A truck has 8 wheels and contains 2.5 tonnes of cargo and is about to cross a bridge. The total surface area of the wheel contact with the road surface is 400 cm2. How much pressure is each tire experiencing?
Completion:
Is known:
m = 2.5 tons = 2500 kg
A = 400 cm2 = 4 x 10-2 m2
g = 10m/s2
Asked: p =….?
Answer:
p = f/a =m.g/A
p = 2500 ×10/0.04
p = 625,000 N/m2
The pressure of all tires is 625,000 N/m2 or 625,000 Pa. Then the pressure for each tire is I/8 x p = 1/8 x 625. 000 = 78.125 Pa.
4. A swimmer dives 100 m below the surface of the water. If the density of water is 1,000 kg/m3 and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2, how much hydrostatic pressure is the swimmer experiencing?
Completion:
Is known:
h = 100 m
ρ= 1000 kg/m3
g = 9.8m/s2
Asked :P???
Answer:
P = ρgh
P = (1000)(9,8)(100)
P = 9.8 x 105 N/m2
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