√ Definition of Chemical Subatomic Particles, Parts and Types (Complete)
Definition of Chemical Subatomic Particles, Parts and Types (Complete) – In this discussion we will explain Chemical Subatomic Particles. Which includes the understanding of chemical subatomic particles, parts of subatomic particles and types of subatomic particles with a complete and easy to understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Chemical Subatomic Particles, Parts and Types (Complete)
Let's discuss the meaning of chemical subatomic particles first carefully.
Definition of Subatomic Particles
Subatomic particles or particles are particles smaller than atoms. Around 1940, the number of subatomic particles known to science that could be counted on the fingers of one hand, protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos, and positrons.
The first three particles are referred to as the building blocks of which atoms are made; protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus and electrons in orbit around their nucleus. The weirder neutrinos and positrons are found outside Earth's atmosphere and are of uncertain/significant origin.
Views of matter changed dramatically over the next two decades. With the invention of particle accelerators (atom-smashers) and the discovery of nuclear fission and fusion, the number of announced subatomic particles increased.
A number of chemists have discovered a number of particles that exist at higher energies than is often observed in life everyday: sigma particles, delta particles, lambda particles, epsilon particles, and other particles in the form of positive, negative and neutral. By the end of the 1950s, many subatomic particles had been discovered by some physicists, and they called it a "particle zoo" list.
Quark Models
Around 1964, the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann (1929) and the Swiss physicist George Zweig (1937) independently proposed a way out of the particle zoo. They suggest that the nearly 100 subatomic particles that have been discovered so far are not really elementary (fundamental) particles.
Instead, they suggest that relatively few elementary particles exist, and particles Other subatomic particles that have been discovered are composed of various combinations of particles really basic.
Subatomic Particle Section
The parts of a subatomic particle are as follows:
-
Antiparticles
Subatomic particles that are similar to protons, neutrons, electrons and other subatomic particles, but have a property (such as an electric charge) before them. -
Atomic Number
The number of protons in the atomic nucleus -
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
A unit of mass measurement for small particles -
Elementary Particles
A subatomic particle that cannot be broken down into any simpler particles -
Gluon
An elementary particle is assumed to be responsible for carrying the strong force (which holds together the neutrons and protons in the atomic nucleus) -
Energy Level
An area on an atom where electrons are most likely to be found -
Graviton
An elementary particle is considered to be responsible for carrying the gravitational force -
leptons
A type of elementary particle -
Isotope
An elemental form in which the atoms have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons -
Photon
An elementary particle that carries the electromagnetic force -
spins
A fundamental property of all subatomic particles that corresponds to their rotation about their origin -
Quarks
A type of elementary particle
The very elementary particles are called quarks and leptons. Each particle group, in turn, consists of six types of particles. The six quarks, for example, are given the odd-sounding names of up, down, charm, weird, up (or truth), and down (or beauty).
The six quarks can be combined, according to Gell-Mann and Zweig, to produce particles such as protons (two up quarks and one down quark) and neutrons (one up quark and two down quarks).
In addition to quarks and leptons, scientists have hypothesized the existence of certain particles that "carry" different types of forces. One of the well-known particles is the photon. Photons are a strange type of particle with no visible mass which are responsible for transmitting electromagnetic energy from one place to another.
In the 1980s, three other force carrier particles were discovered: the W +, W -, and Z 0 bosons. These particles carry certain forces that can be observed during the radioactive decay of matter. (Radioactive elements spontaneously emit energy in the form of particles or waves by the disintegration of their atomic nuclei).
Scientists have speculated that there are two other force-carrying particles, one of which carries a force strong, a gluon (which binds together protons and neutrons in the nucleus), and one that carries the gravitational force, gravitons.
Important Types of Subatomic Particles
The five most important subatomic particles are the proton, neutron, electron, neutrino and positron. Each of these particles can be fully described by mass, electric charge, and spin. Because the mass of subatomic particles is so small, it is often not measured in ounces or grams but in atomic mass units (label: amu) or electron volts (label: eV).
An atomic mass unit is roughly the same as the mass of a proton/neutron. An electron volt is actually a unit of energy but can be used to measure a mass because of the relationship between mass and energy ( E = mc 2 ). The following is an explanation of the five most important subatomic particles.
1. Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with a positive charge with an atomic mass of about 1 amu. Protons are one of the fundamental constituents of all atoms. Along with neutrons, they are found in a highly concentrated region of space within the atom called the nucleus.
The number of protons determines the chemical identity of the atom. This property is so important that it was given a special name: atomic number. Each element in the periodic table has a unique number of protons in its nucleus and, therefore, several unique atoms.
2. Neutrons
A neutron has a mass of about 1 amu and has no electric charge. It is found in the atomic nucleus along with protons. Neutrons are often stable particles in that they can remain unchanged in the nucleus for an indefinite period of time. Under certain conditions, however, a neutron can undergo spontaneous decay, breaking apart into protons and electrons.
In the absence of atomic nuclei, the half-life for this change - the time it would take for half of each sampled neutron to decay - would be about 11 minutes.
3. Electron
Electrons are particles that carry a unit of negative electricity with a mass of approximately 1/1800 Amu, or 0.0055 Amu. All atoms contain one or more electrons which are located in the outer space of the atomic nucleus.
Electrons are arranged in specific areas of the atom known as energy levels. Each energy level in an atom can contain some maximum number of electrons, from two to a maximum of eight.
4. Neutrinos
Neutrinos are elusive subatomic particles made of some of the most basic physical processes of the universe. Like the decay of radioactive elements and the fusion reactions that power the Sun they were originally hypothesized around 1930 by the Swiss physicist Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958). Pauli was trying to find a way to explain the apparent loss of energy that occurs during certain nuclear reactions.
5. Positron
A positron is a subatomic particle that is identical in all ways to an electron except for its electric charge. The positron carries one unit of positive electricity as opposed to one unit of negative electricity.
The positron was hypothesized in the late 1900s by British physicist Paul Dirac (1902-1984) and was first observed by the American physicist Carl Anderson (1905-1991) in rays cosmic bath.
The positron is the first antiparticle discovered to be the first particle that has properties similar to protons, neutrons, and electrons, but with one property the exact opposite of theirs.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Chemical Subatomic Particles, Parts and Types (Complete), hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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