Understanding Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss Completely)
Understanding Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss Completely) - Food is needed by the body most importantly as a source of energy. One of the energy sources most needed by the body is carbohydrates, proteins and fat. About Knowledge this time we will discuss the meaning of carbohydrates and their functions for the body and the types of carbohydrates. Here's the discussion.
Understanding Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss Completely)
Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.
Understanding Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates or also often referred to as charcoal hydrate is a calorie-producing substance with a total of 4 calories. Carbohydrates are food substances that contain the elements C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), and O (Oxygen).
Carbohydrates are broken down into simpler sugar molecules such as glucose, fructose and galactose in the digestive system. These sugar molecules are absorbed by the body. Excess carbohydrates will be stored in the liver or muscles in the form of glycogen and in the stomach area, around the kidneys, or under the skin in the form of fat.
Foods as a source of carbohydrate energy include: rice, wheat, corn, cassava, sago, potatoes, bread, and sweet potatoes.
Carbohydrate Function
The function of carbohydrates is as a source of energy. In addition, carbohydrates also function as a constituent of other food substances such as fat and protein to maintain acid and base balance, and play a role in the formation of cells, tissues, and organs body.
Lack of carbohydrates alone can cause a person's body to become thin and weak. If this carbohydrate deficiency occurs continuously, this can result in decreased morale, vulnerability to endurance, and frequent nervousness.
Carbohydrate Type
The following are some types of carbohydrates, there are three kinds, namely:
Monosaccharides
Which includes monosaccharides, namely various types of sugars such as: glucose, fructose and galactose. For example, like honey, milk and fruit.
- Glucose
Glucose is the most important carbohydrate which is used as a source of energy for animals and plants. Glucose itself is one of the main results of photosynthesis and the beginning of respiration. This glucose is the main component of blood sugar, which makes up 0.065-0.11% in our blood.
- Fructose
Fructose is a hexulose, which is called levulose because it rotates the plane of polarization to the left. Which is the only hexulose that exists in nature. Pure fructose itself has a very sweet taste, is white in color, is in the form of a solid crystal, and is highly soluble in water.
Fructose itself is the sweetest sugar, which is found in honey and fruits together with glucose. In plants, fructose can exist as a monosaccharide or as a component of sucrose. Sucrose itself is a disaccharide molecule which is a combination of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule.
- Galactose
Galactose is an aldohexose. This monosaccharide rarely exists in nature. Usually it is bound to glucose in the form of lactose, which is the sugar present in milk. Galactose itself has a less sweet taste when compared to glucose and is less soluble in water. As with glucose, galactose itself is a reducing sugar. The glucose and galactose react positively in Fehling's solution, which it does by producing a brick red precipitate of Cu2O.
Disaccharides
Disaccharides or also known as complex sugars. This type of sugar includes disaccharides which are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Sucrose sugar is mostly found in sugarcane stalks.
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are a type of complex carbohydrates which are starchy. Some types of polysaccharides include: starch, cellulose and glycogen. Various types of grains such as corn, rice and wheat contain carbohydrates in the form of starch. Potatoes and various types of sweet potatoes also contain starch.
- Amylum
This polysaccharide itself is abundant in nature, which is in most plants. Amylum or in everyday is called starch which is found in tubers, leaves, stems and seeds. The sago tree trunk itself contains starch which has been removed and can be used as food by the people in Maluku. The tubers in sweet potatoes and cassava or cassava roots also contain quite a lot of starch, because This cassava can be used not only as a food source of carbohydrates, but also used as a raw material for factories tapioca.
If you observe starch grains using a microscope, it turns out that they have different shapes, depending on what plant this starch was obtained from. The shape of these starch grains can come from flour or rice.
Starch itself consists of two kinds of polysaccharides, both of which are polymers of glucose, namely amylose (approximately 20% -28%) and the remainder, namely amylopectin. Amylose consists of 250-300 D-glucose units which are linked together by α1,4-glycosidic bonds, so that the molecule is an open chain. Amylopectin also consists of a D-glucose molecule, most of which have 1,4-glycosidic bonds and some are 1,6-glycosidic bonds.
- glycogen
Glycogen is included in a type of polysaccharide which consists of glucose subunits with straight chain bonds (α1→4) and branched chain bonds (α1→6). Glycogen itself has a structure similar to amylopectin (which is a type of starch) but with more branching, ie every 8-12 residues. Glycogen (also known as 'muscle starch') which is used by animals to store energy has a structure similar to amylopectin (Simarmata, 2012).
- Cellulose
Cellulose itself is a molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is also found in the cellular structure of almost all plant matter. These organic compounds, which are considered to be the most abundant on earth, are even excreted from some bacteria. Cellulose is a long chain of sugar molecules where these are linked together to give wood its extraordinary strength. Cellulose itself is the main component of plant cell walls, as well as the basic building material that is mostly found in textiles and paper. Cotton is a pure natural form of cellulose. In the laboratory, ashless filter paper is a nearly pure source of cellulose.
The following are some statements that explain the digestion of carbohydrates:
- Polysaccharides such as starch can be digested from the digestive system into disaccharides.
- Disaccharides will also be further digested to become monosaccharides.
- Energy generated by the process of monosaccharide metabolism in cells.
- Glucose has a very important role for this energy formation process.
- Carbohydrates are also very important in increasing endurance in the body
- Carbohydrates also have a very large fiber content so consuming carbohydrates is very good for digestion.
- Excessive consumption of carbohydrates can also increase the risk of developing diabetes and obesity.
Thus our explanation this time about Understanding Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss Completely), hopefully it can provide benefits to readers and thank you so much 🙂
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