Craft Arts: Definition, History, Function, Purpose, Elements, Types and Examples

Craft Art: Definition, History, Function, Purpose, Elements, Types and Examples – What is meant by craft art and its purpose? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

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Craft Arts: Definition, History, Function, Purpose, Elements, Types and Examples

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Craft Art is a work of art that is made using hand skills and paying attention to functional and aesthetic aspects. Craft art works are included in the type of applied art archipelago.

The term Craft Art itself comes from Sanskrit from the word Krya which means to do. Crafts continue to develop into works, crafts and work. In a special sense, craft is doing something to produce an object or object. However, it is increasingly known as the art of craft.

Meanwhile, in the Big Indonesian Dictionary, Kriya means work (handicraft). In English it is called Craft which means energy or strength, meaning is a skill in doing or making something.

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History of Craft Arts

Craft art existed in prehistoric times, seen from the objects found in the Young Stone Age (Neolithic) when humans had begun to settle down. The objects of the craft art are pottery, pottery made of clay and used as containers.

Pottery in the Neolithic era became a decoration as a symbol or symbol of spiritual life. In the following period, craft art developed both in terms of function, improving the quality of materials, shapes and patterns of decoration. At first these objects were simple in shape, in their development they became various and complicated forms equipped with decorations that made many variations and details.

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Functions of Craft Arts

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  Embellishments or Decorations

Many products from craft arts are used for display or decoration. This craft art focuses more on beauty than its function so that this type of craft art has experienced a lot of development. Examples are wall hangings, sculptures, souvenirs and others.

• What objects

This craft art focuses more on its function as an object that is ready to use, comfortable, but does not eliminate the element of beauty. For example weapons, furniture, ceramics and others.

• Toys

Perhaps we often encounter craft as a game tool, which usually has simple shapes and materials that are easy to find and work on, and the price is quite affordable. For example dolls, paper fans, congklak and others.

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Craft Art Destinations

• As a disposable object, it is a craft art which is created prioritizing its function, while the element of beauty is only as a support.
• As an ornamental object, namely craft art made as a display object or decoration. This type emphasizes the aesthetic aspect rather than the usability aspect.
• As a toy object, is a craft art that is made to be used as a game tool.

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Elements of Craft Artwork

Craft art prioritizes application or function, so the following conditions should be met:

• Utility Or Usability Aspect.

Security, namely guarantees about the safety of people using the goods.
Comfortable, which is comfortable to use. Items that are pleasant to use are called therapeutic items. Applied goods are items that have a high practical value.
Flexibility, namely flexibility of use. Craft art items are applied goods. Namely goods whose form is in accordance with its use or application. Applied goods are required to provide ease and flexibility of use so that users do not experience difficulties in their use.

• Aesthetics Or Beauty Terms.

An applied item, no matter how pleasant it is to use, if it is not pleasing to the eye, then the user of the item is not satisfied. Beauty can add a sense of pleasure, comfort, and satisfaction for the wearer. The motivation of people to use, own, and enjoy is higher if the item is beautified and has an aesthetic form.

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Types of Craft Art in the Archipelago

• Leather craft art, is a craft that uses raw materials from cooked leather, raw leather or synthetic leather. For example; bags, shoes, puppets, and others.
• Metal craft art, is a craft that uses metal materials such as iron, bronze, gold and silver. While the techniques used usually use a cast, carved, forged system or according to the desired shape. For example; knives, accessories, etc.
• Woodcarving is a craft that uses materials from wood which are worked on and shaped using carved inlays. The wood usually used is teak, mahogany, hibiscus, sapodilla, jackfruit and others. For example; furniture, relief, and others.
• The art of woven crafts, this craft usually uses rattan, bamboo, palm leaves, pandan leaves, tree fibers, water hyacinth, and banana ohon. For example; hats, bags, baskets, and others.
• The art of batik craft, namely the art of making decorative patterns on cloth with the process of writing techniques (casting), or printing techniques (printing). For example; clothes, dresses, curtains, and more.
• Ceramic craft art, is a craft that uses raw materials from clay which go through a process in such a way (massaged, granulated, twisted, fired and glazed), so as to produce goods or used objects or ornamental objects that are beautiful. For example; pottery, plates, and others.

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Craft Art Techniques and Materials

There are several techniques for making craft objects that are adjusted to the material. The tools and methods used include casting or casting, carving, weaving batik, weaving, and shaping.

• Cast technique (cast casting).

When the bronze culture began to enter Indonesia, the technique of bronze craft objects, such as bronze drums, axes, vessels, and jewelry, became known. There were two kinds of techniques at that time (repeated master technique and one-time pouring technique).

• Carving Technique

In Indonesia, carving works have been known since the young stone age. At that time many tools were made of stone such as household utensils and objects made of pottery or wood. The objects are engraved with stripes, swastikas, zig-zags and triangles. Judging from the type, there are several types of carvings, including translucent carvings, low carvings, high carvings, embossed carvings, and whole carvings. Carving works of art have several functions, including; ornamental, magical, symbolic, construction functions.

• Batik Technique

Batik is a work of art which is generally in the form of images on cloth. The process of making it is by adding a layer of wax and then processing it in a certain way or through several stages of coloring and the nglorod stage, namely wax removal. Tools and materials that are generally used to make batik, namely; plain cloth, wax, dyes, canting, and brushes. There are several batik techniques, including; dyed batik, written batik, stamped batik, painting batik, modern batik, printing batik.

• Woven Technique.

Items of daily life needs, such as baskets, mats, hats, and others. Made with woven techniques, the raw materials used to make these woven objects come from various plants whose fibers are taken, such as bamboo, palm, rattan, mending, and others.

• Weaving Technique.

Weaving techniques are basically almost the same as weaving techniques, the difference is only in the tools used, for matting we just do it by hand, while in the weaving craft we use a tool commonly called a warp or feed.

• Shaping Technique.

The shaping technique is the creation of works of art using clay media which are commonly called pottery, pottery or ceramics. Ceramics is a work of clay which is processed through burning to produce new items that are different from the raw materials.

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Examples of Indonesian Craft Art

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  Wood Craft

Wood craft is a type of craft art in which the work of making objects always combines functional and decorative values ​​using wood materials. In woodcraft, there is work with a basic or beginner level. Wood is very useful in making various handicraft objects, for example statues, puppet shows, masks, furniture, and decorative carvings.

• Textile Craft Art

Textile craft art is craft with the basic ingredients of cloth. The term textile has a broad scope and includes various types of fabrics in the way they are made either by tying, woven pressing and there are many technical ways to make cloth. Generally fabrics are made from fibers that are spun or pinned to produce long threads and then woven or knitted to produce finished fabrics. There are 2 types of Indonesian textile craft, namely batik and weaving.

• Ceramic Crafts

Ceramic craft art is an object made of clay which is fired. Making ceramic craft art uses slab/plate, rotating/throwing, twisting/pinching, and casting techniques. The areas producing ceramic craft art are Bandung, Jepara, Cirebon, Banjarnegara, Malang, Purwerejo, Yogyakarta, Banjarnegara, and South Sulawesi.

• Metal Crafts

Metal craft art is a craft art that processes metal into various types of craft objects. There are 2 kinds of techniques for making metal crafts, namely a cire perdue/wax printing, and the bivalve technique.

• Leather Craft

Leather craft art is a work of art that uses leather as its raw material. Most leather craft craftsmen use goat, cow, crocodile, buffalo and snake skins. The skin undergoes a series of long processing processes, from starting to separating from animal meat, using washing cleaning fluids, soaking using coloring chemicals, stretching the skin so it doesn't wrinkle, drying and refinement.

Then it is cut into pieces to fit the size of the object to be made. Examples of leather craft products include bags, shoes, belts, leather puppets, wallets, clothes (jackets), tambourines, and cell phone cases. Areas producing leather craft art come from Yogyakarta, Garut and Bali.

• Stone Craft

Stone craft art is craft art with stone as the basic material which is formed in such a way as to make it look beautiful. Stones with hard and stiff textures are made of handicrafts. Examples of the results of stone craft are in the Sukami and Sukaraja areas. In this area you can often find ornaments and home decorations made of stone, for example agate, fossils, jespers, and gemstones and so on.

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