9 Kinds of Wind: Definition and Explanation

9 Kinds of Wind: Definition and Explanation – On this occasion we will explain about Wind. Which includes the meaning of wind, types of wind and explanations with complete discussion and easy to understand. For more details, please see the review below.

9 Kinds of Wind: Definition and Explanation

Let's discuss the meaning of wind first carefully.

Definition of Wind

Wind is a large amount of air flow caused by the rotation of the earth and because of differences in air pressure around the earth. Wind moves from high air pressure to low air pressure.

The difference in air pressure that exists in several places causes air flow. This flow takes place from a place where the air pressure is high to where the air pressure is lower.

This flowing air is called wind. The amount of wind speed can be measured with a device called an anemometer. Wind speed can be read on a scale, direction and speed at any given moment can also be known through an anemometer and the results of the record are called an anemogram.

Wind can occur due to several factors, including:

1. Barometric Gradient
   The barometric gradient is a number that indicates the difference in air pressure between 2 isomers that are 111 km apart. The greater the barometric gradient, the faster the wind blows.
2. Location
   Places that are closer to the equator then the wind speed is also faster than places far from the equator.
3. Place Height
   The higher the place, the stronger the wind will blow. This occurs due to the influence of frictional forces which inhibit the rate of air. The surface of the earth, trees, mountains, and other uneven topography will provide a large frictional force, so the higher the place, the smaller the frictional force.
4. Time
   The wind often moves faster during the day than at night.

Kinds of Wind

Fixed winds, namely winds that blow in a fixed direction throughout the year. These winds are divided into two, namely: (1) Trade winds are winds that blow from subtropical areas towards the equator (equator); and (2) anti-trade winds are winds blowing from the equator towards the subtropics.

Monsoon Winds (Season Winds)

Monsoon winds or monsoon winds or moonsun winds are winds that blow periodically, namely at least 3 months with each period with the other will have the opposite pattern changing direction in the opposite direction in each half the year.

Often in the first 6 months the land breeze is dry and half a year later the sea breeze is wet. From October to April, the sun is in the southern sky, so that the Australian continent often gets hotter than the Asian continent.

As a result in Australia there are centers of low air pressure or depression while in Asia there are centers of high air pressure or compression. This situation makes the wind flow from the Asian continent to the Australian continent.

In Indonesia, there are Northeast Monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere and West Monsoons in the Southern Hemisphere. Therefore, this wind passes through the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean so that it carries a lot of water vapor, so that in Indonesia the rainy season occurs.

The rainy season covers all areas in Indonesia, however, the distribution is uneven, the further east the rainfall decreases because the water vapor contained is getting less.

From April to October, the sun is in the northern sky, so the Asian continent is hotter than the Australian continent. As a result in Asia there are centers of low air pressure, while in Australia there are centers of high air pressure which makes the wind from Australia towards Asia.

In Indonesia, there are east monsoons in the southern hemisphere and southwest monsoons in the northern hemisphere. Because it doesn't go through a wide ocean, the wind doesn't carry much water vapor, so it's in Indonesia has a dry season, but it's different on the west coast of Sumatra, Southeast Sulawesi and the south coast Irian Jaya.

Between the two seasons above there is a transitional or transitional season, namely the so-called yesterday season the transition from the rainy season to the dry season, and the anchor season which is the transition from the dry season to the dry season raining.

There are characteristics of the transition season, including:

• Hot air
• Irregular wind direction
• It rained suddenly in a short and heavy time

Monsoons or seasons, in Indonesia there are 2 types of monsoons, namely the west monsoon and the east monsoon.

• West Monsoon / West Monsoon
  The west monsoon wind blows from the Asian continent towards the Australian continent, which blows in October-April which causes Indonesia to experience the rainy season. This happens because the wind passes through the waters and the vast ocean.
• East Monsoon / East Monsoon
  Meanwhile, the east monsoon blows from the Asian Continent to the Asian Continent, which blows in April-October and causes Indonesia to experience a dry season. These winds contain little rainfall in eastern Indonesia due to winds passing through the desert The wide gaps and narrow gaps make Indonesia experience June, July and August drought

Local Wind

Local winds, influenced by the nature of land and water, the amount of solar heating and the altitude of a place. This type of wind is divided into several types, namely: (1) land breeze and sea breeze; (2) Valley winds and mountain breezes.

Fohn wind

Fohn winds are a continuation of the process of orographic rain. Orographic rain occurs on one side of the mountain slopes. On the other side of the slope is dry. So, the nature of Fohn's wind is decreasing, dry and hot. The name of this Fohn wind differs from one region to another. In South Sulawesi it is called the brubu wind, the bahorok wind in Deli, North Sumatra, the beetle wind in Cirebon, West Java, the gending wind in Pasuruhan and Probolinggo, East Java, and the wambrau wind in Papua.

Fohn's wind is also called a falling wind that occurs after orographic rain or mountain rain (ie the type of rain which occurs in the area of ​​the mountain slopes, this rain comes from air movement that carries water vapor which is blocked by mountains).

The wind moves from an area that has unequal temperature and smoothness. Fohn winds occur because there is friction of air masses that rise over mountains that are more than 200 meters high on one side and then descend on the other side. Fohn's wind from the top of the mountain is hot and dry because the water vapor has been removed when the orographic rain.

Because Fohn winds are hot and dry, they can be damaging and cause casualties. If plants are exposed to this wind, they will die and if humans are exposed to this wind, their immune system will decrease and they will be more susceptible to disease.

Valley Breeze and Mountain Breeze

Valley breeze is the wind that blows from the valley to the top of the mountain. Valley breeze occurs during the day.

Mountain breeze is the wind that blows from the top of the mountain towards the valley. Mountain wind occurs at night

Land Wind

Land breeze or lan breeze is the wind that blows from the land toward the sea. Onshore winds occur on the coast and at night, around 20.00 to 06.00. At night the land cools down faster than the ocean because the heat capacity in land is lower than in water, resulting in the temperature difference it causes it happens that the sea breeze gradually disappears and instead a difference in opposite air pressure appears because the air pressure over the hot sea becomes lower than mainland. The land breeze is used by fishermen to go to sea in search of fish.

Sea breeze

Sea breeze or sea breeze is the wind that blows from the sea towards the land. Often sea breezes occur during the day on the coast around 09.00 to 16.00. When sea breezes occur, water has a greater heat capacity than land because sunlight heats up the sea more slowly than land.

As a result of conduction, during the day the air temperature on the land increases, so the air above the land also increases. The air pressure over land is lower because it is warmer while the air pressure over the ocean is higher because it is colder.

Resulting in a pressure gradient from higher oceans to lower land. This wind is often used by fishermen to return to the mainland after catching fish at sea.

Cold Wind

Winds that are cold, these types of winds are: (1) Mistral winds, which originate from the mountains to the lowlands on the coast. Example: the wind blowing on the coast of the mediterranean sea, namely the south of France. (2) The bora winds, which blow over the Balkans. These winds descend from the Balkan highlands to the shores of Istria and Albania.

Cyclones And Anticyclones

Cyclone winds and anticyclone winds, cyclones are winds that blow towards minimum air pressure, in the Northern Hemisphere it moves counterclockwise and in the Southern Hemisphere it moves in a clockwise direction clockwise.

Anticyclone winds, namely winds that leave areas of maximum pressure, move in the Northern Hemisphere in a clockwise direction and in the southern hemisphere it moves in a counterclockwise direction. Cyclone winds have very strong speeds so that they are destructive, in contrast to anti-cyclone winds, where the anti-cyclone winds are sunny and cloudless.

Intertropical Convergence Area (DKAT), is a meeting area between the southeast trade winds and the northeast trade winds which is called the thermal equator. The condition of this area is high temperature and as a result of the increase in air mass, the DKAT area is free from hurricanes and is called the doldrum area (calm area). The influence of DKAT in Indonesia is causing frontal and zenital rains, high evaporation due to high temperatures and sea Indonesia is very broad, and the intertropical convergence zone lines are formed due to the air temperature around the equator tall.

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