Qualitative Research Methods and Their Characteristics (Discuss Completely)
Qualitative Research Methods and Their Characteristics (Discuss Completely) – Qualitative research is discovery in nature and is carried out in natural conditions. In conducting this research must have a lot of knowledge, master the theory and broad-minded. In this discussion, the author will present the meaning of qualitative research methods and their characteristics.
Qualitative Research Methods and Their Characteristics (Discuss Completely)
Let's discuss in full starting from the definition of qualitative research first.
Definition of Qualitative Research Methods
Method Qualitative research is a way that places more emphasis on aspects of understanding in depth about a problem. Study Qualitative research is research that is descriptive in nature and tends to use analysis and emphasizes process and meaning. The purpose of this methodology is a deeper understanding of a problem being studied. And the data collected are more words or pictures than numbers.
Characteristics or Characteristics of Qualitative Research
There are five main characteristics of qualitative research methods, namely:
Using environment naturallyh as a data source.
The source of data used in qualitative research is the natural environment. The main study in qualitative research is events that occur in social conditions and situations. Research is conducted while interacting directly on the scene. Researchers make observations, record, find out, dig up sources related to events that occurred at that time. The results obtained are immediately compiled at that time. What has been observed basically cannot be separated from the environmental context in which the behavior takes place.
Has descriptive analytic properties.
Data obtained from observations, interviews, documentation, analysis, field notes, were compiled by researchers at the research location, not in the form of numbers. Researchers perform data analysis by multiplying information, looking for relationships, comparing, and finding results on the basis of actual data (not in the form of numbers). The results of the data analysis are in the form of an explanation regarding the situation being studied and presented in the form of a narrative description. The presentation of the data is generally the answer to the questions in the formulation of the problem set.
The pressure is on the process not the result.
The data and information needed in qualitative research are related to questions to reveal the process and not the results of an activity. Questions require a description of the actual situation regarding activities, stages, procedures, reasons and interactions that occur where and at the time when the process takes place.
Inductive.
Qualitative research starts from the field, namely empirical facts. Researchers go directly to the field, studying a process of discovery that occurs naturally with record, analyze and report as well as draw conclusions from the ongoing research process the. The results of research findings from the field in the form of concepts, principles, theories are developed not from existing theories. Qualitative research uses an inductive process, meaning that data is separate but closely related.
Prioritize meaning.
The meaning expressed revolves around people's perceptions of an event to be studied. Example: research conducted on the role of school principals in teacher development. Researchers focused attention on the principal's opinion about the teachers he coached, seeking information and views of the principal about the successes and failures of coaching teachers, what was experienced in coaching teachers, why the teachers failed to be coached, and why that was happen. In addition to seeking information from school principals, researchers seek information from teachers as comparison material so that views can be obtained regarding the quality of coaching carried out by school principals. The accuracy of the information from the participants was disclosed by the researcher in order to be able to interpret the research results correctly and validly.
Based on these characteristics it can be concluded that qualitative research starts from the field based on the natural environment, not on theory. Data and information obtained from the field are drawn for meaning and concept, through descriptive analytic presentation and without using numbers, because it prioritizes the process.
In the world of education, qualitative research aims to describe a process of educational activities based on what happens in the field as material studies to find weaknesses and deficiencies so that improvements can be determined; analyzing facts, symptoms and educational events that occurred in field; develop hypotheses regarding educational principles and concepts based on data and information that occurs in the field.
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