The Nature of Sociology: Understanding According to Experts, Nature and History of Its Development

The Nature of Sociology: Understanding According to Experts, Nature and History of Its Development – Is that the essence of sociology? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

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The Nature of Sociology: Understanding According to Experts, Nature and History of Its Development

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Etymologically, Sociology comes from the Latin word socius which means "friend" and the Greek word logos which means "word" or "speak". It can be said that sociology means "talking about society". According to Auguste Comte (1798-1857) sociology is a general social science which is the last result of the development of science.

The term 'sociology' was first used by Auguste Comte in 1839, Auguste Comte was a French national philosopher. In addition, he also made an important contribution to sociology. Therefore, experts agree to call him the 'Father of Sociology'.

Sociology originated from philosophy which is considered as the parent of science (Master scientiarum). Philosophy is the science of knowledge, criticism and systematics of knowledge, conclusions of empirical science, rational teaching, experiential reasoning, and so on.

The essence of Sociology is as a science, one of which specifically provides insight into social relations and phenomena in society. As a science, it has a number of characteristics which later become its essence.

One characteristic that is the essence of Sociology is that sociology is an abstract science not concrete because the object of study in sociology is the pattern of behavior and events that occur in public.

The essence of sociology as a social science that studies people's lives is not included in the natural sciences or exact sciences. So, sociology must be understood by looking at the initial principles of sociology in depth.

In fact, society is not only an object of study, but also a subject. Communities also live in a certain environment which causes them to understand a problem in the social life they experience. As a center of reflection, a sociologist must be involved in the scope of problems that are the object and subject of his study

Some of the essence of sociology, among others, as follows:

• Sociology is a social science.
• Sociology of General Sciences
• Sociology is an abstract science
• Sociology is a rational science
• Sociology is a pure science, not an applied science.
• Sociology is a Categorical Science
• Sociology produces patterns and meanings in society

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Definition of Sociology According to Experts

Some notions of sociology according to experts include the following:

• William F. Ogburn and Meyer F. Nimkoff

According to William F. Ogburn and Meyer F. Nimkoff argues that sociology is a scientific study of social interaction and the result is social organization. Social interaction. is a reciprocal relationship between individuals and individuals, individuals and groups, and groups and groups.

• Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi

According to Selo Soemardjan and Soelaiman Soemardi, sociology or social science is a science that studies social structure and social processes, including social change. Social structure is the overall relationship between the main social elements, namely social norms, social institutions, social groups, and social strata.

The social process is the mutual influence between various aspects of life together, for example the influence of the economy on politics, religion on the economy, law on religion and so on. Social change is a change that occurs in the social structure.

• Pitirin Sorokin

According to Pitirin Sorokon, the notion of sociology is a science that studies the relationship and mutual influence between various kinds of social phenomena, such as religious phenomena, moral phenomena, economic phenomena, and family phenomena, the relationship and reciprocal influence between social phenomena and non-social phenomena, such as geographic and social phenomena biological; common features of all other types of social phenomena.

• Roucek and Warren

According to Roucek and Warren, the notion of sociology is the study of the relationship between humans in groups.

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The Nature of Sociology

The following are some of the basic characteristics of the nature of sociology, namely:

• Empirical means that science is seen based on observations made on reality and common sense and the results are not conjectural.
• Theoretical means a science that always tries to get a conclusion based on results observation (observation) and reasoning in order to develop a framework and also produce a theory science.
• Cumulative means a science where the theories are the development of old theories that already existed before. So sociological theories are the result of improving, expanding, and also deepening and refining old theories or knowledge. For example, regarding the theory of law associated with a
• social interaction, because in living a social life, we are not allowed to violate a law.
• Nonethic means a discussion that is not concerned about the good or bad of a fact, but is more concerned with explaining the facts analytically and also as they are.

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History of the Development of Sociology

According to Berger and Berger, sociology has developed into a science that stands alone because of threats to it the social order that has been considered to have been so real and true (threats to the taken for granted world). L. Laeyendecker identified these threats including:

• There were two revolutions, the industrial revolution and the French revolution.
• The rise of capitalism in the late 15th century,
• Changes in the social and political fields,
• Changes that occurred as a result of the reform movement sparked by Martin Luther,
• increasing individualism,
• The birth of modern science
• Developing self-confidence.

Auguste Comte, a French philosopher, saw that these changes were not only positive, such as the development of democratization in society, but also had a negative impact. Therefore, Comte suggested that all research on society be upgraded to a science that stands alone.

Sociology only developed into a science after Emile Durkheim developed a sociology methodology through his book Rules of Socialogical Method. Nevertheless, for his services to the birth of sociology, Auguste Comte is still referred to as the Father of Sociology. Although Comte coined the term sociology, it was Herbert Spencer who popularized the term in his Principles of Sociology.

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Development of Sociology in Indonesia

Sociology in Indonesia has actually been developing since ancient times. Even though they did not study sociology as a science, Indonesian poets and national figures have included many elements of sociology in their teachings. In the beginning, Sociology in Indonesia, namely before World War II, was only considered as an auxiliary science to other sciences. In other words, sociology has not been considered important enough to be studied and used as a science, which is separate from other sciences.

After the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945, sociology in Indonesia underwent a significant development. Soenario Kolopaking was the first to give sociology lectures in Indonesian at in 1948 at the Yogyakarta political science academy (now the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences university).

As a result, sociology has a place in the academic community in Indonesia, especially after the opportunities for Indonesians to study abroad since 1950 became more open. Many Indonesian students specifically deepen sociology abroad, then teach that knowledge in Indonesia.

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Benefits and Uses of Sociology

Benefits of Methods in Sociology There are two methods, namely qualitative methods and quantitative methods.

• Qualitative methods prioritize materials that are difficult to measure with numbers or other measurements that are exact, even though these materials exist in society. In qualitative methods including historical methods and comparative methods.
  • The historical method uses analysis of past events to determine general principles.
  • The comparative method emphasizes comparisons between various societies and their fields to obtain differences and similarities and their causes.
• The quantitative method prioritizes informational materials with numbers, so that the phenomena studied can be measured with scales, indexes, tables, formulas, all of which use exact science.

And two other methods namely:

• Deductive method: based on things that are general then drawn to things that are more specific.
• Inductive method: based on specific things then generalization is taken.

The usefulness of sociology for society is:

• For development. Sociology is useful for providing social data needed at the planning stages of implementation and development evaluation.
• For research. With sociological research and investigation, a plan or solution to social problems will be obtained.

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