√ Stigma: Definition, Type, Form and Process of Occurrence
Stigma: Definition, Type, Form and Occurrence Process - On this occasion About Knowledge will discuss about Stigma. Which in this discussion explains the meaning of stigma, the type, form and process of its occurrence in a brief and clear manner. For more details, see the following article.
Stigma: Definition, Type, Form and Occurrence Process
This stigma is created by society when they see something that is considered deviant or strange because it is not like the others. This stigma is given to something that is embarrassing and not in accordance with the values espoused.
So that it causes a decrease in self-confidence, loss of motivation, withdrawal from social life, avoiding work, interactions in health and also loss of planning future.
For example, someone is considered tarnished and therefore has a despicable character, or an ex-convict who is deemed not worthy of trust and respect.
Definition of Stigma
Stigma is used in the term "social stigma" namely thoughts, views and beliefs negative that a person gets from society or the environment in the form of labeling, stereotypes, separation. As well as experiencing discrimination so that it affects the individual as a whole.
Definition of Stigma According to Experts
To make it easier to understand the meaning of stigma, we can refer to the meaning of stigma put forward by several experts, including:
According to Goffman (1959)
According to Goffman, Stigma is all kinds of physical and social attributes that reduce a person's social identity, disqualify that person from someone's acceptance.
According to Mansyur (1997)
According to Mansyur, the notion of Stigma is a negative characteristic attached to a person's personality due to the influence of his environment.
According to Research (2009)
According to Research, the notion of Stigma is an attempt to label a certain person as a group of people who are less worthy of respect than others.
According to Scheid and Brown (2010)
According to Scheid and Brown, the notion of Stigma is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is labeled, stereotyped, separated, and discriminated against.
Stigma form
Referring to the understanding according to Rahman (2013), the form of stigma can be grouped into several forms in society including:
Labeling
Labeling is differentiating and also labeling or naming it based on the differences that the members of the community have. Most of the individual differences are not considered socially relevant, but some of the differences that are given can be socially salient.
Stereotypes
Stereotypes are a frame of mind or also a cognitive aspect consisting of knowledge and beliefs about social groups and certain traits. Stereotypes are beliefs about characteristics which are beliefs about the personal attributes of people in a particular group or social category.
Separation
Separation is the separation of "us" (as a party that does not have stigma or stigma) from "them" (a group that gets the stigma). The relationship between the label and the negative attribute will become a justification when the labeled individual believes that he is indeed different. So it can be said that the stereotyping process was successful.
Discrimination
Discrimination is the behavior of demeaning others due to their membership in a group. Discrimination is a behavioral component which is a negative behavior towards an individual because the individual is a member of a certain group.
Types of Stigma
According to Heatherton (2003), there are several types of stigma including:
- Concealment encompasses as wide a range of stigmatizing characteristics as can be seen, such as facial disfigurements vs. homosexuality.
- The sequence of markings relates to whether the markings are highly conspicuous or also weaken over time, such as multiple sclerosis vs blindness.
- Disorganization refers to the degree of stigmatization in interfering with interpersonal interactions, such as stuttering in speech.
- Aesthetics related to subjective reactions that can lead to stigma caused by something that is less attractive.
- The origin of the stigmatisas marks, such as congenital defects, accidents or intentional.
- Risks include feeling dangerous from being stigmatized by others, such as having a terminal or dangerous disease vs. being overweight.
Causes of Stigma
According to Goffman (1959), there are several causes of stigma, including:
Afraid
Fear is a common cause of stigma. The emergence of this fear is a consequence that is obtained when infected, even sufferers tend to be afraid of the social consequences of disclosing their true condition.
Not attractive
Some of these conditions can cause people to be considered unattractive, especially in cultures where outward beauty is highly valued. In this case, disturbances in the limbs will be rejected by society because they look different.
Anxiety
This disability makes sufferers uncomfortable, they may not know how to behave in front of people. With the conditions he experienced, he was more likely to avoid it.
Association
Stigma by this association is known as symbolic stigma, it occurs when a health condition is associated with an unpleasant condition. Such as commercial sex workers, drug users, certain sexual orientations, poverty or job loss. Values and beliefs can play a strong role in creating or maintaining stigma.
Policy or Law
By Policy or Law This is usually seen when sufferers are treated in separate places. As well as requiring special time from the hospital, such as a psychiatric clinic, sexually transmitted disease clinic or drug addiction rehabilitation clinic.
Lack of secrecy
Unwanted disclosure of a person's condition can be caused by the way the test results are handled deliberately by health workers. This may be completely undesirable, such as the sending of a mailing reminder or a health worker visit in a vehicle marked with the pro gram logo.
Stigma Occurrence Process
According to Scheid & Brown (2010), the process by which stigma occurs includes:
- Individuals distinguish and label the differences that these individuals have.
- The emergence of beliefs from the culture that belongs to individuals against the characteristics of other individuals or groups and creates stereotypes.
- Placing individuals or groups that have been given labels on individuals or groups in different categories so that separation occurs.
- Individuals who have been labeled experience discrimination
According to Hermawati (2005), the process of giving stigma carried out by the community occurs through three (3) stages, namely:
Interpretation process
Violations of norms that occur in society do not all get stigma from society, but only violation of norms interpreted by society is a deviation of behavior that can lead to stigma.
Defining process
After the first stage has been carried out in which the interpretation of behavior occurs deviant behavior, then is the process of defining people who are considered to behave deviantly by public.
Discriminatory behavior
After the first and second processes are carried out, the community will provide treatment that is discriminatory in nature.
Thus the explanation about Stigma: Definition, Type, Form and Occurrence Process. Hopefully it can be useful and add to your insight. Thank You.
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