√ Complete definition of autism, symptoms, causes, types & levels

August 14, 2023
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Definition of Autism, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Complete Levels – In this discussion we will explain about Autism. Which includes the meaning of autism, symptoms of autism, causes of autism, types of autism and levels of autism with complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.

Definition of Autism, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Complete Levels

Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.

Definition of Autism

Autism or often referred to as autism is a disorder in child development, in which problems occur in social interaction, communication problems and the use of imagination (as if life has its own world of play) that begin to show when children are under three year. The term autism comes from the Greek word aitos which means I or self.

In wikipedia, autism is a developmental disorder of the nervous system in a person which is mostly caused by heredity factors and sometimes can be detected since the baby is 6 months old.

Autism Symptoms

In general, the symptoms of autism are seen in the early age of a child's development before reaching the age of three. The symptoms and severity of autism also tend to vary for each child who has it. But the symptoms of autism can be divided into two groups namely:

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First Category
It is a disorder of social interaction and communication. These symptoms can include problems with social sensitivity and impaired use of verbal or non-verbal language.
Second Category
It is a disturbance of limited and repetitive patterns of thought, interests and behavior. Examples of repetitive movements, such as hand-squeezing and tapping, and feeling irritated when activities are interrupted.

Causes of Autism

There are several factors that cause autism such as genetics and environment, which may be the cause of this disorder. But the exact cause of autism disorders is still unknown.

In addition, there are several things that are considered to be triggers for autism. But these assumptions and conjectures have been proven to be unrelated to autism according to various medical studies. These myths include:

Parenting style
Diet, for example consuming gluten or dairy products
Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine
Thiomersal compounds in which there is a mercury content

Types of Autism

According to Prasetyono (2008: 54-65) ICD-10 "International Classification of Diseases, WHO 1993) and DSM0IV (American Psychiatic Association, 1994) autism is divided into five types, namely as follows:

Childhood Autism (Childbood Autism)
Autism in childhood is a developmental disorder in children whose symptoms are visible before the child reaches the age of three. The characteristics of this autism disorder are that the quality of communication is not normal, there are disturbances in quality Social interaction in activities, behavior and also interests is limited, repetitive and stereotype.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)
These symptoms are not so much dibanging with autism in childhood. The quality of the disturbance is lighter, so that these children can still make eye contact, facial expressions are not too flat, and can still joke.

Rett's Syndrome
Developmental disorders only in girls. At around six months of age, babies begin to experience developmental delays. Head growth will decrease at the age of five months to four years. Hand movements will be uncontrollable, directed movements will disappear and be followed by communication disorders and social withdrawal. In addition, there are disturbances in language, perception, expressiveness, and also a great psychomotor setback. The thing that is very distinctive is the emergence of continuous hand movements.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Childhood Disintegrative Disorder)
Symptoms appear after the age of three years. The child's development gets better for several months before a major setback occurs. Normal growth occurs at the age of 1 to 2 years, then the child will lose abilities that were previously well mastered.

Asperger's Syndrome (USA)
It happens more in boys whose speech development is not disturbed but they are less able to communicate reciprocally. Talking with standard grammar and in communicating using body language tends to decrease. Strongly obsessed with strength and has no difficulty in learning at school.

Autism Grades

According to the level of IQ intelligence stated by Pusponegoro and Solek 2007, autism is divided into three levels namely:

Low Functioning (Low IQ)
If the sufferer falls into the category of low functioning (low IQ) then it can be ascertained in the future these sufferers cannot be expected to be able to live independently throughout life, sufferers need the help of people other.

Medium Functioning (Medium IQ)
If the sufferer is included in the category of medium functioning (moderate IQ) then in the future he will still be alive in society and these sufferers can still attend special schools that are only made for children with sufferers autism.

High Functioning (High IQ)
If the sufferer is included in the category of high functioning (high IQ) then in the future they can live and even be successful in their development, they can also live with a family.

According to Mujiyanti's Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (2011)Autism is divided into three levels, namely:

Mild Autism
In this condition, children with autism still see eye contact, even though it doesn't last long. This autistic child can respond when his name is called even a little. Can show facial expressions and in two-way communication even though it only happens occasionally.

Moderate Autism
In this condition, children with autism still seem to make little eye contact but do not respond when their names are called. Aggressive or hyperactive behavior, self-harm, indifference and stereopic motor disturbances tend to be rather difficult to control but can still be controlled.

Severe Autism
Autistic children who are in this condition look very uncontrollable actions. Often autistic children bang their heads against the wall repeatedly and continuously without stopping. When parents try to prevent it but the child shows no response and keeps doing it even in the arms of someone parents, children with autism keep banging their heads, the child will stop when he feels tired and then will immediately fall asleep.

Thus has been explained about Definition of Autism, Symptoms, Causes, Types & Complete Levels, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.

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