Swimming Material: History, Understanding According to Experts, Styles, Benefits, Basic Principles and Techniques

Swimming Material: History, Understanding According to Experts, Styles, Benefits, Basic Principles and Techniques – What needs to be learned in swimming material? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss swimming and other things about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Swimming Material: History, Understanding According to Experts, Styles, Benefits, Basic Principles and Techniques

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Swimming has been known since prehistoric times. This is known since the discovery of caves which are believed to be the place of stone age swimmers. The caves are in Southwestern Egypt, near Wadi Sora.

In addition, corroborating evidence was also found in Egypt, on wax stamps which are estimated to be in the year 4000-9000 BC. The stamp depicts four swimmers using freestyle.

Later, wall paintings were also found in Babylonia. The painting shows people swimming using the breaststroke. The painting is the most famous painting found in the Kebir desert. It is estimated that the age of the painting is in 4,000 BC.

In addition, even in Japanese history, swimming has been studied. Swimming technique became one of the skills that must be mastered by the samurai at that time. In historical records, the first competition in swimming was held in 36 BC by Emperor Suingui.

Swimming has appeared in the city of London since the 19th century. But in 1837, in London there were only 6 swimming pools. Swimming's popularity continued to improve, and by 1869 several associations had begun to emerge. The popularity of championship swimming coincided with the rise of the Olympics and was recognized as a modern sport in Athens in 1896.

As a result of its increasing popularity, Indonesia also started this swimming activity and the city of Bandung became the first city to start swimming. This is evidenced by the Cihampelas pond which was built at that time in 1904. Even Indonesia still has several other swimming pools in several big cities such as Jakarta, Surabaya and others.

The swimming pool has made the development of swimming in Indonesia more and more popular swimming associations were formed, including the Bandungsche Zwembond or the Bandung Swimming Association in in 1917. At that time the union had associations under its auspices, including swimming clubs of school students in Bandung.

This association was followed by the establishment of the Oost Java Zwembond (East Java Swimming Association) in 1927 in East Java. Two Dutch diver scored an achievement in 1934. Hamaman and Van de Gron won first and second place respectively in the 3 meter board and tower. When the Far Eastern Games (meaning the Far Eastern Olympics) took place in Manila in 1934 the two jumpers became representatives of the Dutch East Indies.

Competition in the sport of swimming was first held in a modern Olympics in 1896 in Athens, Greece. At this Olympics, only four numbers in sports can be contested from the original plan of six numbers. Each of them is as follows:

• Number 100 meters
• Number 500 meters
• Number 1200 meters
• Free number
• 100 meters for sailors.

The second Olympics was held in the city of Paris, France in 1900 and competed among them namely:

• Number 200 m
• Number 1,000 m
• Number 4,000 m
• Free number
• 200 m breaststroke
• 200 m team number

The International Swimming Association or Federation Internationale De Natation De Amateur (FINA) has was formed in 1908 which was originally able to define, the butterfly style is also a variation of the style chest. This style only became one of the separate styles in 1952.

The new woman was allowed to participate in a swimming competition, namely at the 1912 Olympics in the city of Stockholm, Netherlands. That's just a free number.

Along with developments in the sport of swimming, swimming is becoming increasingly popular. Swimming sports enthusiasts will increase. In fact, it is not uncommon for children to be taught to swim at a very early age.

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Definition of Swimming According to Experts

In general, the notion of swimming is the activity of moving the body in water. This is the same as fish, they can also be called swimming. In sports, swimming is a branch of aquatic sports. This swimming activity is usually without using other equipment.

Meanwhile, according to experts the meaning of swimming is as follows:

KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)

Swimming is body movement, floating, diving, crossing the water using legs, hands, fins, tail, or something else.

Kasiyo Dwijowinto (1979:1)

Swimming is a sport that can be taught to all human ages. Starting from babies who are a few months old, to adults who are elderly can also learn to swim.

Abdoelah (1981:270)

Swimming is a game that is done in water. Whether the water is fresh or salty. In essence, this sport is only done when there is water in that place.

Muhajir (2004:166)

Swimming is a sport that can make the body healthy. This is because almost all members of the body move. As a result, all muscles will develop rapidly and make the swimmer's strength increase.

Badruzaman (2007:13)

Badruzaman interprets this swimming into two, namely the meaning of swimming in general and in detail. Here are more details.
In general

"Swimming is the floatation of an object in a liquid due to its buoyancy or lift". This speech has a meaning more or less like this, "swimming is an attempt to float an object that is in a liquid by using its own buoyancy to float"
In detail

"Swimming is the method by which humans (or other animals) move themselves through water." This saying has a meaning more or less like this, "swimming is a method used by humans and animals to move their bodies in water".

Budiningsih (2010:2)

Swimming is a water sport that is done by moving the body in the water. Generally, the limbs used in swimming are the hands and feet to keep the body afloat above the surface of the water.

Erlangga (2010:75)

Swimming is a water sport that is fun and beneficial for the human body. The benefits obtained are to provide muscle strength to the body, lungs, heart, and give a person a feeling of courage and confidence.

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Swimming Facilities and Infrastructure

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Swimming pool

The swimming pool is a place that is used as a means to do this sport, the swimming pool itself has a standard size, namely:

National Standard:

• 50 meters long.
• 25 meters wide.
• Depth 2 meters.

International Standard:

• 50 meters long.
• 25 meters wide.
• Depth 3 meters.

Tracks

The track has a size according to official standards, which has a track width of 2.5 m and a distance of about 0.2 outside the first or last track. Each track is marked with a rope consisting of buoys the same length as the track.

Timer

The time gauge is a reference for swimmers, where this tool is placed beside the pool to calculate the time automatically, while the thickness of this gauge is about 1 cm. Swimmers are required to touch the time meter, either during the turn or at the finish. This infrastructure itself was used in 1967 in Canada in the Pan American Games event.

Start beam

Lastly is the starting block, which has dimensions

• Has a height between 0.5 m to 0.75 from the surface of the water.
• It has dimensions, namely: 0.5 x 0.5 m, which is coated on top with an anti-slippery material.
• Starting beam slope: not to exceed 10°.

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Swimming Style

There are 4 kinds of styles that can be done when swimming, including:

Freestyle

The position of the chest when doing freestyle is facing the surface of the water while both hands alternately moved far forward with a paddling motion, while both legs are kicking up and down alternate. Breathing is done when the head turns to the side when the body is in an oblique position. When you want to breathe, swimmers can turn left or right. Freestyle is a style that can make the body go faster in the water.

Chest Style

When doing this style the body must be in a stable position and the head is out of the water for a long time. The position of the chest when doing this style is facing the surface of the water, but different from the freestyle, the torso is always in a fixed state. Both legs kick outward while both hands are straightened in front. Hands make movements such as splitting water so that the body moves forward faster. Breathing in breaststroke is done when the mouth is on the surface of the water, after one hand-foot movement or two hand-foot movements.

Back style

When doing this style, position your back facing the surface of the water. The position of the face is above the water so that people can easily take a breath. When doing this style the swimmer can only look up. During a race, swimmers can only estimate the poolside wall by counting the number of movements.

The movement of the arms and legs in the backstroke is similar to the freestyle, but with the body lying flat on the surface of the water. Both hands are moved towards the waist alternately like a paddling motion. In order to take a breath, the mouth and nose are outside the water.

Butterfly Style

This is a swimming style with the chest position facing the water surface. Both arms are pressed down simultaneously and moved outwards before being swung forward. While both legs kick down simultaneously and up. Air is exhaled forcefully from the mouth and nose before the head emerges from the water, and air is inhaled through the mouth when the head is out of the water.

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Swimming Race Number

There are several race numbers when there is a swimming competition, and these race numbers are determined by various factors, such as distance and gender.

There are men's and women's swimming numbers that are contested in an Olympics, namely:

• Freestyle: 50 m, 1`00 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m (women) 1500 m (men)
• Butterfly: 100 m, 200 m.
• Backstroke: 100 m, 200 m
• Backstroke: 100 m, 200 m
• Breaststroke: 100 m, 200 m
• Individual medley: 200 m, 400 m
• Relay medley: 4 x 100 m
• Freestyle relay: 4 x 100 m, 4 x 200 m

The International Swimming Federation recognizes men's and women's world records for swimming events:

• Freestyle: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m
• Backstroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• Breaststroke: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m
• Individual medley: 100 m (short courses only), 200 m, 400 m
• Relay medley: 4×100 m
• Relay freestyle: 4×100 m, 4×200 m

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Benefits of Swimming

• Exercising Breathing
• Increase Muscle and Bone Strength
• Body Elevation
• Healthy For The Heart
• Ideal body shape
• Relieves stress
• Improve Body Fitness
• Relieves Arthritis
• Alternative Recreation and Improve Mood
• Burn More Calories

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Swimming Principles

• The principle of resistance and encouragement, forward speed in swimming is the result of two forces, one of which is strength tend to be able to withstand it (resistance and resistance) and forward-pushing forces generated by the movement of the arms and foot.
• The Principle of Regularity in the Use of Encouragement (Continuity of Movement), the use of pushing movements Regular use is better and more effective than irregular use to boost the body proceed.
• The principle of the law of action-reaction in recovery (recovery), the mechanics of recovery in the arms of three of the four strokes occur outside the water. Has an influence on the efficiency and speed of swimming.
• The Principle of Transfer of Momentum It is very easy to be able to transfer momentum from one part of the body to another. This principle is used in many of the movements one can perform in and out of water.

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Swimming Style Basic Techniques

Breathing

One of the successes in swimming is that we can regulate our breath well. First, stand on the edge of the pool very low and keep your face on the surface of the water.
Inhale through your mouth and hold for a few moments and then lower your head into the water and also exhale through your nose.
Do this exercise slowly 10 to 15 times every time you finish doing the movement or exercise. Repeat the exercise so you can find your own rhythm.

Glide

Gliding is a body movement horizontally under the surface of the water. First get down in a shallow pool and back to the pool wall.
Stick one of the soles of the foot (right or left) in the area of ​​the pool wall with the toes facing down as repulsion to be able to slide.
Push your body through a kick of the leg and slide as far as you can with your arms parallel in front of you.
The head is attempted to be able to enter the water so that the ears are parallel to the arms. Do this movement 10 to 15 times to find your body's balance.

Float

Floating on your back is also done by pulling backwards until your ears are submerged in water.
Stretch both hands into an elbow shape. Keep your wrists straight and relaxed.

Floating Perpendicular Vertically

Floating vertically perpendicularly the most commonly used is the movement of the body with the body position perpendicular under the surface of the water and the head remains above on the surface of the water as far as the chin, while the movements of the hands and feet are moved for a balance so that the body remains floating on the surface of the water.

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