Definition of Novel: Characteristics, Structure, Elements and Types of Novels

Definition of Novel: Characteristics, Structure, Elements and Types of Novels – What are Novels? Novel is a literary work in the form of prose with a long narrative telling about life and characters. At this time About the knowledge.co.id will discuss the Definition of Novel and other elements about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Definition of Novel: Characteristics, Structure, Elements and Types of Novels

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The word novel comes from the Italian word "novella" which means a story or story. In general, the definition of a novel is a long prose essay containing a series of life stories someone with people who are around him and highlight the character (character) and the nature of each perpetrator. The novel consists of certain chapters and sub-chapters according to the story. Novel writers are called novelists.

The definition of a novel is a prose narrative created with a certain length and complexity. Novels are generally inspired by true stories or imaginative ideas and are written in sequence connected events involving a group of people in the setting of a story interesting.

In general, the novel begins with an important event experienced by the story character which will later change the fate of his life. In contrast to short stories, the difference between short stories and novels is that short stories are shorter and concise, while novels are also longer and more complex.

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Definition of Novel According to Experts

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  Indonesia Dictionary
  The definition of a novel according to KBBI is a long prose essay containing a series of stories from the life of a person with those around him by highlighting the character and characteristics of each actor.

• Aristotle
  The definition of the novel according to Aristotle, literature is not a copy of reality, but an expression or embodiment of universalia or general concepts.
• Nurgiyantoro
  The definition of a novel according to Nurgiyantoro is a work of prose fiction that is quite long, not too long but not too short.
• Abrams
  According to Abrams, the term novel comes from the Italian word "novella" which means a small novel, which is then interpreted as a short story in prose.
• Drs. Jacob Sumardjo
  Definition of the novel according to Drs. Jakob Sumardjo is a form of literature that is very popular in the world. This form of literary work is most widely circulated and printed because of its very broad community power in society.
• Dr. Nurhadi & Dr. David
  Definition of the novel according to Dr. Nurhadi & Dr. Dawud is a form of literary work that has cultural, social, moral and educational values.
• Dr. Nurhadi
  The definition of a novel according to Dr. Nurhadi is a form of literary work in which there are cultural, social, educational and moral values.
• Paul Tukam
  The definition of a novel according to Paulus Tukam is a literary work in the form of prose and has intrinsic elements in it.
• Agus Priantoro
  The definition of a novel according to Agus Priantoro is a literary work that has two elements, namely intrinsic and extrinsic, both of which are interrelated as a reciprocal influence in literature.
• dr. Abdul Roni, M. Pd
  The definition of a novel according to Abdul Roni is a form of literary work that has cultural, social, educational and moral values.
• Esten
  According to Esten, in the process of creating a literary work, an author is faced with a reality that is found in the objective reality society in the form of events, norms or value systems, views on life and other aspects in public.
• Drs. Rostamaji, M.Pd
  The definition of a novel according to Rostamaji is a literary work that has two elements, namely the intrinsic element and extrinsic elements which are both related to each other because they influence each other in a work literature.
• Scholes
  The definition of a novel according to Scholes is a story related to real or fictional events imagined by the author through his observations of reality.
• Sayuti
  According to Sayuti, the meaning of the novel is often compared to short stories, the difference is that short stories focus on intensity, while novels tend to expand or expand. A good novel tends to focus on the emergence of complexity, namely the ability to convey complex problems in a clear way full, creating a world that "becomes", in contrast to short stories which are implicit in that they tell the problem in detail short.
• Dr. Nurhadi, Dr. David, Dr. Yuni Pratiwi, M.Pd, Dra. Abdul Roni, M. Pd
  Definition of the novel according to Dr. Nurhadi, Dr. David, Dr. Yuni Pratiwi, M.Pd, Dra. Abdul Roni, M. Pd is a form of literary work in which there are cultural, social, educational and moral values.
• Drs. Rostamaji, M.Pd and Agus Priantoro, S.Pd
  Definition of the novel according to Drs. Rostamaji, M.Pd and Agus Priantoro, S.Pd is a literary work that has two elements, namely intrinsic and extrinsic elements, both of which are related to each other because they are influential in a work literature.

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Characteristics of Novels

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Characteristics of General Novels

• The number of words in the novel is more than 35,000 words.
• Consists of at least it's 100 pages.
• The duration of reading the novel is at least 2 hours or 120 minutes.
• The story is more than one impression, effect, and emotion.
• The storyline is quite complex in the novel.
• The selection of stories in novel literature is wider.
• The story is longer, but many sentences are repeated.
• Novels are written with narration then supported with descriptions in describing or illustrating the situations and conditions in them.

Characteristics of Novel Forces of the 20th and 30s

• Has a theme of customary issues and forced marriage.
• Generally contains criticism of the customs of the past.
• The characters are told from youth to death.
• It has a rigid and static language.
• Polite language.
• Having a conflict is caused by a disagreement in choosing the value of life.
• Using redundant words.

Characteristics of Teen Novels

• Most of them are about friendship or friendship and of course romance.
• The language used is also everyday language used by teenagers.
• The rest is the same as the general novel characteristics

Novel Structure

The structure of the novel consists of:

• Abstract, is the core summary of a novel as an initial description. This element is optional, can be used or not.
• Orientation, is everything related to the atmosphere, time, and place contained in the novel.
• Complication, is a sequence of several events connected by cause and effect.
• Evaluation, is the conflict structure contained in the novel where the conflict that occurs leads to a certain point.
• Resolution, is the part where there is a solution to the problems faced by the main character in the novel.
• Coda, is the final part of a novel in which there is usually a message or moral value to be conveyed to the reader.

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Novel Elements

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Novel Intrinsic Elements

Intrinsic elements are elements that are used to build literary works from within, including the following:

• Plot is a series of events that form the course of a novel story. The flow is divided into 2 parts, namely the forward flow (Progressive) and the backward flow (Progressive Flash Back).
• Characters are the actors in the novel.
• Characterization, is the giving of character or character to each actor in a story. For example through physical characteristics, where to live, and how to act.
• The theme is the main problem contained in a novel.
• Language style is the way the author conveys the story in the novel, for example using a certain figure of speech or diction. Here are some types of figure of speech commonly used in novels, including:
• Personification is a style of language that describes various kinds of inanimate objects by giving various kinds of human-like characteristics.
• Simile (parable), is a style of language that describes something with an analogy.
• Hyperbole is a style of language that describes something in an exaggerated way with the intention of exaggerating effect.
• Background or setting, is a description of the occurrence of events in a story including time, place, social culture and environmental conditions.
• Point of view, is the author's self-position and also the author's way of seeing the kinds of events in the story described.
• Mandate, is the message conveyed contained in a story in the novel.

Novel Extrinsic Elements

Extrinsic elements are elements that build literary works that come from outside, including when the work was made, the setting author's life background, author's social background, creation background, author biography, history and others etc. More specifically, the extrinsic elements of the novel include:

• Author's Background, namely all things related to the understanding and motivation of the author of the novel in making his work. For example; biographies, psychological conditions, literary genres.
• Community Background, namely everything in society that influences the storyline in the novel. For example; social, political, economic, and ideological conditions.
• Values ​​contained in the novel, namely the values ​​contained in a novel (cultural, moral, social, religious values).

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Types of Novels

In general, novels are grouped into several types including:

Based on Real or Not Events

• Fiction Novels,The definition of a fictional novel is a novel that is not real or does not happen in real life.
• Non-Fiction Novels, The definition of non-fiction novels is novels that have existed or are real

Based on the Story Genre

• Romance Novel, is a novel whose contents are stories of love and romance.
• Horror Novel, is a novel that contains scary things.
• Novel Comedy, is a novel that contains a funny story.
• Inspirational Novel, is a novel that contains inspirational stories.

Based on Content and Figures

• Novel Teenlit, is a novel that contains stories about teenagers.
• Novel Chicklit, is a novel that contains about young women.
• Songlit Novel, is a novel taken from a song.
• Adult Novel, is a novel that contains adult stories.

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