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Animal Cells: Definition, Parts and Functions

Animal Cells: Definition, Parts and Functions – In this explanation, you will learn about Animal Cells. Which includes understanding, parts of animal cells and their functions with complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.

Animal Cells: Definition, Parts and Functions

Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.

Definition of Animal Cell

Animal cells are eukaryotic cells found in animals. In general, animal cells are the smallest organelles that have thin membranes. Animal cells have the advantage of making duplicates independently by means of cell division.

In animal cells there is a colloidal solution that contains chemical compounds. This compound has a function in processing division or photosynthesis. The shape and parts of animal cells can be seen in the image below:
An image of an animal cell and its parts

Parts of Animal Cells and Their Functions

After seeing the picture above, here are the parts of animal cells and their functions:

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a cell wrapping in the outer layer consisting of protein (lipoprotein) and fat (liquid). The functions of the animal cell membrane are:

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  • As a regulator of minerals and nutrients in and out of cells
  • To protect or wrap the cell
  • To receive stimuli from the outside
  • For the place where various chemical reactions take place

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the liquid part of the cell that has a shape similar to a gel. The cytoplasm has two (2) forms of the gel phase (liquid) and the sol phase (solid).

The fluid in the nucleus is called Nucleuoplasm. The part of the animal cell which is composed of protein and 90% water makes the cytoplasm function as a solvent.

If the concentration is low, it will become solid and soft which is called a gel. Vice versa, when the water concentration is high, it will be dilute, which is called sol. The function of the cytoplasm is:

  • For the place of cell metabolism
  • For the chemical source of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (RE)

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (RE) is the second largest part of the cell after the mitochondria. RE creates a series of interconnected flat tunnels that are shaped like mesh threads.

There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum namely rough ER (REk) and smooth ER (REh). Rough ER has the function of holding proteins formed in ribosomes.

Therefore, rough ER will be attached by ribosomes and smooth ER will not be attached by ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (RE) are as follows:

  • For storage of phospholipids, steroids, and glycolipids
  • For the transport of synthesis, steroit and fat
  • Helps detoxify various harmful cells in the cells (REh)
  • As a protein synthesis (REk)

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are called the cell's machinery, shaped almost like a cigar and have two layers of indented membranes called cristae.

Glucosan and oxygen work together in the formation of energy for metabolism and deep cellular activities The part that makes mitochondria is called The Power House of Cell because it can produce energy.

In the singular, mitochondria are called mitochondrions. Mitochondrion can convert chemical energy into other energy. The functions of mitochondria are:

  • For cellular respiration
  • To produce energy in the form of ATP

Microfilaments

Microfilaments are made of proteins, actin and myosin. Shaped similar to microtubules but smaller and softer. Microfilaments have a role in cell movement, exocytosis and endocytosis.

Peroxisomes (Micro Bodies)

Peroxisomes or Micro Bodies are small pouches that contain the catalase enzyme. Peroxisomes have a function as a decomposer of metabolic waste in the form of peroxide (H2O2) which is toxic in nature into water and oxygen which are harmful to cells. Peroxisomes are found in many kidney and p cells. The functions of peroxisomes are:

  • Turn fat into carbohydrates
  • Decomposes peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen.

Microtubules

Microtubules are located in the cytoplasm which is in eukaryotic cells. It has a long cylindrical shape with a diameter of 12nm and an outer diameter of 25nm.

These microtubules are composed of tubulin, which is a globular protein molecule. At a certain time, tubulin will spontaneously form a long hollow cylinder. These microtubules have rigid properties. The functions of microtubules are:

  • Protects cells
  • Gives the shape of the cell
  • Has a role in the formation of flagella, cilia and centrioles

Golgi bodies

The Golgi apparatus/Golgi complex/Golgi apparatus is present in excretory functions such as the kidney and can also be found in all eukaryotic cells. Goldi's body shape resembles a flat pouch with various sizes from small to large and bound with a membrane. Each animal cell has 10-20 golgi bodies. The functions of the golgi apparatus are:

  • As forming vesicles (sacs) for excretion
  • As a lysosome
  • As a plasma membrane builder
  • As a protein processor

nucleus

The nucleus or cell nucleus is the part of the cell that controls and regulates cell activity, starting from metabolic processes to the process of cell division. The nucleus is in eukaryotic cells and contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and chromosomes. DNA is composed of nucleotides which help in the formation of proteins in the process of translation and transcription. The functions of the nucleus are:

  • Where replication occurs
  • As a guardian of gene integrity
  • Control of cell activities by managing gene expression
  • As a store of genetic information
  • As a controller of metabolic processes in cells

Centrioles

Centrioles are tubular in shape, which are composed of semirigid microtubules and are found in eukaryotic cells. This part of the cell has a role in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.

And also centrioles participate in setting cell geometry and orientation. A pair of centrioles that form a combined structure is called a centrosome. Plant cells do not have centrioles, although animal cells divide without centrioles. If animal cells are without centrioles, cilia or flagella will not develop functionally. The functions of the centrioles are:

  • Helps the process of formation of cilia and flagella
  • Assists the process of cell division in forming spindle threads

Understanding Animal Cells, Parts And Their Functions

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are in the form of membrane-bound sacs that contain the hydrolytic enzymes needed to break them down parts that are not needed by the cell for reuse or for controlling intracellular digestion under certain conditions whatever. Lysosomes are present in eukaryotic cells. The functions of lysosomes are:

  • Controls intracellular digestion
  • Carry out digestion of matter by phagocytosis
  • As a destroyer of cell organelles that are not needed / have been damaged (autophagy)
  • Entering macromolecules from the outside into the cell using the mechanism of endocytosis.

Cytoceleton

The cytoskeleton lies between the nucleus and the membrane. This cytoskeleton has a role in cell movement, and cell organelles and also gives, maintains cell shape.

Core Membrane

The nuclear membrane is an important element of the nucleus that encloses all the organelles of the animal cell. The function of the nuclear membrane is to separate the cytoplasm from the nucleus.

Thus has been explained about Animal Cells: Definition, Parts and Functions, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.

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