Organelles of Animal Cells and Their Functions and Explanations of Their Structures

Organelles of Animal Cells and Their Functions and Explanations of Their Structures – What are the functions of the organelles in animal cells? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

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Organelles of Animal Cells and Their Functions and Explanations of Their Structures

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The cell is a small unit of the whole body of living things. But in this cell, it turns out that there are also several organelles that can still be further classified. Animal cell is the general name for the eukaryotic cells that make up animal tissues.

Animal cells differ from other eukaryotic cells, such as plant cells, in that animal cells do not have a cell wall, and chloroplasts, and they usually have smaller, if not none, vacuoles. Because they do not have a hard cell wall, animal cells vary in shape. The human cell is a type of animal cell.

The body of an animal, generally consists of many different organs. These organs are composed of tissues and each tissue is composed of cells.

Animal cells are eukaryotic cells that do not have a cell wall like that of plant cells. The shape of the animal cell itself is not fixed and varies. This difference also applies to cell size.

Each of these cells is composed again of the cell organelles that compose it. Here are the organelles that you can find in animal cells, namely the nucleolus, nucleus, rough ER, ER smooth, vesicles, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles, cytoplasm, lysosomes, centrosomes and membranes plasma.

Each of these organelles has a varied structure and function. Everything works together to make the animal's body function normally as it should.

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Organelle Structure of Animal Cells and Their Functions

Animal cells are a form of eukaryotic cells that form body tissues and then form organs. Smst animal cells are different when compared to plant cells. Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not have a cell wall. This clearly illustrates the difference between animal and plant cells.

• Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is the outermost part that wraps the cell composed of fat and protein
The functions of the cell membrane are:

• • as a recipient of external stimuli
  • Protects cells
  • Regulates the entry and exit of substances

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  Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm is the fluid of the cell and anything dissolved in it, except for the nucleus and organelles, the cytoplasm consists of protein material and also water. The cytoplasm has a non-liquid and non-solid complex colloidal nature that can change depending on the concentration of water, if the concentration When the water concentration is low, the cytoplasm becomes a mushy solid, which is called a gel, if the water concentration is high, the cytoplasm becomes dilute, which is called a gel sol.
The functions of the cytoplasm are:

• • Source of cell chemicals
  • Where cell metabolism takes place

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  Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum is the part of the cell that has the shape of the threads that are in the cell nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum is divided into two parts, namely the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (REh) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (REk). Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not attached to ribosomes, whereas rough endoplasmic reticulum is attached to ribosomes.
The functions of the Endoplasmic Reticulum are:

• • Protein synthesis (REk)
  • Synthesizes lipids in cells (REh)
  • Means of transport of substances within the cell itself
  • Helps detoxify harmful cells in cells (REh)

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  Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the largest organelles in the form of machines in cells. Mitochondria have a shape similar to a cigar which has two layers of indented membranes and are called critas.

Oxygen and glucose combine to form the energy required for metabolism and cellular activity of organelles. Mitochondria in their stump form are called mitochondrions. Mitochondrion is an organelle that converts chemical energy into other energy

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  Microfilaments

Microfilaments are cell organelles made up of actin and myosin proteins. Microfilaments are similar to microtubules but they are softer and smaller in diameter.
The functions of microfilaments are: Play a role in cell movement, endocytosis and exocytosis

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  Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that are used to control intracellular digestion under any circumstances. Lysosomes are present in eukaryotic cells.
The function of the lysosome is:

• • Controls intracellular digestion
  • Entry of macromolecules from outside into the cell by endocytosis mechanism
  • Digests matter using phagocytosis
  • destruction of damaged cell organelles

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  Peroxisomes (Micro Bodies)

Peroxisomes are small pouches that contain the enzyme catalase whose function is to decompose peroxide (H2O2) which is the waste of metabolism and has toxic properties to water and oxygen which are harmful cell. Peroxisomes are found in liver and kidney cells.
The functions of peroxisomes are:

• • Change of fat to carbohydrates
  • Decomposes peroxides from toxic metabolic wastes

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  Ribosomes

Ribosomes are compact and small cell organelles that have a diameter of 20 nm which consist of 65% ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 35% ribosomal protein. Ribosomes work in translating mRNA to form polypeptide chains (proteins) by using the amino acids below the tRNA in the translation process. In cells ribosomes are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or the cell nucleus membrane.
The function of the ribosome is: The place where protein synthesis takes place

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  Centrioles

Centrioles are tubular structures that can be found in eukaryotic cells. Centrioles also play a role in cell division and in the formation of cilia and flagella. A pair of centrioles forms a combined structure called a centrosome.
The function of the Centrioles are:

• • Plays a role in forming cilia and flagella
  • The process of cell division in forming spindle threads

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  Microtubules

Microtubules are cell organelles in the cytoplasm and are found in eukaryotic cells The shape is a long, hollow cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of approximately 12 nm and an outer diameter 25nm. Microtubules consist of spherical globular protein molecules called tubulin, which spontaneously combine to form long, hollow cylinders under certain conditions. Microtubules are rigid.
The function of Microtubules are:

• • Gives the shape of the cell
  • Protects cells
  • Plays a role in the formation of flagella, cilia and centrioles

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  Golgi bodies

The golgi apparatus or golgi apparatus or golgi complex are organelles associated with the excretory function of the cell. Golgi bodies can be found in all eukaryotic cells and exist in excretory functions, such as the kidneys. The Golgi apparatus has the form of small to large flattened sacs bound by a membrane. Each animal cell has 10-20 golgi bodies.
The functions of the Golgi apparatus are:

• • Forms lysosomes
  • Forms vesicles (sacs) for excretion
  • Processing proteins
  • form the plasma membrane

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  nucleus

The nucleus is the cell nucleus that regulates and controls cell activity. both metabolism to cell division. The nucleus is present in eukaryotic cells and contains most of the genetic material in the form of long linear DNA and forms chromosomes with proteins. The nucleus consists of parts such as the nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm (karyolymph), chromatin/chromosome, nucleolus.
The functions of the Nucleus are:

• • Stores genetic information
  • maintain gene integrity
  • Controls cell activity by managing gene expression
  • Replication site
  • Controls metabolic processes in cells

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  Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the area in the cell nucleus that is responsible for the formation of proteins using RNA (ribonucleic acid).
The function of the Nucleolus is: Responsible for the formation of proteins

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  Nucleoplasm

Nucleoplasm, which is a solid and adad fluid in the cell nucleus (nucleus) contains chromatin fibers, which densely form chromosomes and genes that carry genetic information.
The function of Nucleoplasm is to form chromosomes and genes

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  Core Membrane

The nuclear membrane is the main structural element of the nucleus which encloses all organelles and separates the cytoplasm and the nuclear region. The nuclear membrane is impermeable, with most of the molecules that make up the nucleus need a nuclear pore so that the nucleus can cross the membrane.
The functions of the nuclear membrane are:

• Place of exchange of substances between the nuclear material and the cytoplasm
• Protection of the cell nucleus (Nucleus)

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