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√ The definition of the pituitary gland (hypophysis), its function and anatomical structure

Definition of the Pituitary Gland, Function, Anatomical Structure – In this discussion we will explain about the pituitary gland or often called the pituitary. Which includes the understanding, function and anatomical structure of the pituitary gland with a complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.

Definition of the Pituitary Gland, Function, Anatomical Structure

Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.

What is the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

The pituitary gland or pituitary gland is an endocrine gland which is located at the base of the brain and produces many hormones that are important to the body. This pituitary gland is commonly called the Master of Gland or the controlling gland, this is because this gland has a very important function. This gland measures about 1.25 cm and weighs about 0.5 grams.

Functions of the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

The functions of the pituitary gland or pituitary gland are:

  • Produces growth hormone
  • Regulates the endocrine system
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  • Produce hormones that affect muscle and kidney function
  • Produce hormones that control other endocrine glands
  • As a storage hormone produced by the hypothalamus

Anatomical Structure of the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)

Structurally and functionally, the pituitary gland is divided into three parts, namely anterior, intermediate, and posterior because the intermediate part is very small and has little function, this time we will only describe these two parts of the pituitary gland, namely:

Adenohypophysis

Adenohypophysis or anterior pituitary is composed of a lot of glandular epithelial tissue. Together with the anterior pituitary hypothalamus makes up the neuroendocrine system which is made up of bundles of neurons neurosecretory cells whose cell bodies are located between the two groups in the hypothalamus, the supraoptic nucleus and the paraventricular.

Structurally, the adenohypophysis is an extension of the hypothalamus gland. The anterior pituitary produces many important hormones which are secreted in the blood when needed, these hormones include:

  • Growth Hormone (Growth Hormone, Somatotropin)
    Is a hormone that has a function as a growth regulator and body metabolism.
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone / Thyrotropin (TSH)
    Is a hormone that has a function as a regulator of thyroid hormone secretion and growth of the thyroid gland.
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
    Is a hormone that has a function as a regulator of cortisol secretion by the adrenal cortex and the growth of the adrenal cortex
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
    In men this hormone has a function as a sperm producer, while in women this hormone has a function to stimulate the growth and development of ovum cells.
  • Leteinizing Hormone (LH)
    In men this hormone has a function as a stimulant for the production of the hormone testosterone, while in women this hormone has a function as a regulator of the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone and also plays an important role in the process ovulation.
  • prolactin
    Is a hormone whose function is to regulate the growth and development of the breast and also produce milk in women. Whereas in men this hormone is still not very clear on its function, it is most likely related to the growth of the male sex organs.

Neurohypophysis

The neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary is part of a cluster of glandular cells between the broad capillaries. The neurohypophysis contains many nerve axons from the hypothalamus. There are two main parts of the neurohypophysis, namely:

  • Pars Nervosa. This is the back of the neurohypophysis where oxytocin and vasopressin are stored.
  • Pars Infundibular (Infundibulum). Is the part where the hypothalamus gland and pituitary gland connect.

In the neurohypophysis or posterior pituitary there are two main hormones, namely oxytocin and vasopressin. Both hormones are made in the hypothalamus but released via the neurohypophysis.

Oxytocin hormone

The function of the hormone oxytocin has a lot to do with preparing the reproductive organs for the process of pregnancy and facing the process of giving birth in women. Important targets of the hormone oxytocin in women are uterine muscle cells and brain cells of the mammary glands or mammary glands.

In men, the hormone oxytocin has a function as a stimulant for the growth of secondary sexual organs. And also the hormone oxytocin can affect a person's feelings because of that the hormone oxytocin is also known as the love hormone.

Definition of the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis), Function, Anatomical Structure

Vasopressin Hormone (Antidiuretic)

Vasopressin is a peptide hormone whose function is to regulate the re-absorption of molecules through the kidney by affecting the permeability of the kidney tubule walls. Vasopressin will regulate the balance between sodium and water in the blood or urine so that it can regulate the volume of blood or urine in the body. And also, the function of the hormone vasopressin is that it can affect blood pressure in humans.

This hormone can be found in all mammals. Vasopressin hormone or also known as VP or ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Thus has been explained about Definition of the Pituitary Gland, Function, Anatomical Structure, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.

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