Karate: Definition, History, Basic Techniques and Flow

Karate: Definition, History, Basic Techniques and Flow – What is Karate? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss what is Karate and other things about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Karate: Definition, History, Basic Techniques and Flow

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Karate (空手) is a martial art originating from Japan which is influenced by the Chinese kenpō martial art, Karate only uses bare hands without the aid of weapons.

This martial art first entered Japan via Okinawa, and was first called "Tote" which has a meaning like "Chinese Hand". Initially, the development of karate occurred on the Ryukyu islands after being brought via Okinawa to Japan. After this tote entered Japan, the Okinawan kanji was replaced by sensei Gichin Funokashi into Japanese kanji, so the tote changed to karate.

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History of Karate

The origin of karate comes from the Chinese boxing martial art created by Darma, the great Buddhist teacher, while meditating at Shorinji Monastery, Mt-Sung, Henan Province, China The Darma Generation hereinafter calls this martial art the name Shorinji Kempo which has roots in Okinawa through its contact with China in the middle 14th century.

The birth of karate as a martial art is known in the 19th century through Matsumara Shukon, a samurai warrior. Before becoming part of Japan, Okinawa was an area in the form of an independent kingdom. At that time Okinawa entered into trade ties with neighboring islands. One of the neighboring islands that share strong ties is China. As a result, Okinawa acquired a strong influence on Chinese culture.

As a result of this cultural exchange, many Chinese people with different backgrounds came to Okinawa directing their martial arts to the local people. On the other hand, many Okinawans also migrated to China upon their return to Okinawa directing the knowledge they had gained in China.

In 1477 King Soshin Nagamine in Okinawa imposed a ban on the possession of weapons for warriors. In 1608 the Satsuma Samurai group led by Shimazu Lehisa entered Okinawa and always continued this ban. Moreover, the Bakhucon legal council also punishes people who violate the prohibition as a follow-up to this rule. Okinawans practice Okinawan te (as they call it) and Ryuku Kobudo (art of weapons) in their secrecy train.

Three sects emerged, each of which had distinctive characteristics whose names matched their region of origin, namely: Tomori, Shuri, and Naha. However, in the end, Okinawa te began to be recommended to schools. Not long after that, Okinawa became part of Japan, opening the way for karate to enter Japan.

Gichin Funakoshi was like the original instructor appointed to hold karate demonstrations outside Okinawa for the Japanese people. Gichin Funakoshi, like the father of world karate, was born in Shuri, Okinawa, in 1868. Gichin Funakoshi studied karate with Azato and Itosu. After practicing for so long, in 1916 Gitchin Funakoshi was invited to Japan to hold a demonstration at Butokukai which was the center of all Japanese martial arts at that time.

Then in 1921, the Crown Prince who would later become emperor of Japan came to Okinawa and asked Gichin Funakoshi for a karate demonstration. For Gichin Funakoshi this invitation meant a lot because the demonstration was staged in the arena of Shuri's palace. After his second demonstration in Japan, Gichin Funakoshi then lived in Japan as long as he was in Japan too Gichin Funakoshi wrote many of his popular books to date such as "Ryukyu Kempo: Karate" and "Karate Karate". Kyōan".

Since then karate clubs have continued to appear both in schools and universities. Gichin funakoshi is not only a karate expert but also skilled in literature and calligraphy. The name Shotokan he got from his hobby of climbing Mount Torao (which means tiger's tail). Where from there there are many pine trees blown by the wind that move like waves breaking on the beach.

Motivated by this, Gichin Funakoshi wrote the name "Shoto", a name which means a collection of cypresses which moves like a wave, and "Kan" which means the room or main hall where the students are train. The tiger symbol used in shotokan karate painted by Hoan Kosugi (One of Gichin's early students Funakoshi), refers to traditional Chinese philosophy which means that “The tiger doesn't have time Sleep".

It is used in Shotokan karate because it means vigilance from a preserved tiger and also self-calm the peaceful mind that Gichin Funakoshi experienced when he was observing the sound of waves of fir trees from the top of Mt Torao. Although Gichin Funakoshi never gave his style of karate a name, his students adopted the name for the dojo he founded in Tokyo in 1936 as a tribute to the teacher.

Shotokan is a karate that has distinctive characteristics of various methods of punches, kicks and jumps, light movements and lightning. Gichin Funakoshi believes that it will take a lifetime to learn to understand both physical emphasis and self-defense. Gichin Funakoshi emphasized his belief that karate is an art. Next Gicin Funakoshi explained the meaning of the word "kara" in karate refers to the honest, humble nature of a person. Nevertheless, the character of a warrior is always embedded in his humility, for the sake of justice, he dares to go forward even though millions of opponents are waiting.

As time went on, during the 19th century AD, Okinawa also became a part of Japan. Tote also continued to grow in Japan and underwent a slight change in its movement pattern which was then named Okinawa-te.

Gichin Funakoshi was one of the great teachers from Okinawa–te who changed the name of the tote to Karate and founded it WKF (World Karate Federation) coincided on October 10, 1970 to solve all karate problems in world.

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History of Karate in Indonesia

The entry of karate martial arts into Indonesia was initially pioneered by Indonesian students who had completed their studies in Japan. And some of them named Baud Adikusumo, Muchtar and Karyanto later founded a dojo featuring one of the styles of karate, namely Shotokan.

This dojo itself was founded in 1963 in Jakarta. And the following year, they also created a forum for a karate association called PORKI (Indonesian Karate Sports Association). students who have studied in Japan, including Setyo Haryono, Anton in Lesiangi, Chairul Page and Sabeth Muchsin, Marcus Basuki who also helped develop karate in Indonesia.

In the historical record of the growth of Indonesian karate, the arrival of karate experts from Japan such as Masatoshi Nakayama was not spared Shotokan, Oishi Shotokan, Nakamura Shotokan, Kawawada Shotokan, Matsusaki Kushinryu, Masutatsu Oyama Kyokushinryu, Ishilshi Gojuryu and Hayashi Shitoryu.

Seeing the enthusiasm of the Indonesian people for karate has made karate develop rapidly in this country and this can be seen from the many karate organizations. However, because of the incompatibility of these karate figures, in the end PORKI also faced divisions.

So that in 1972, with the good faith to unite karate, a new organization called FORKI was formed. Do Indonesia Karate Sports Federation). Karate continued to become popular in Indonesia, in conclusion a karate academy was established in archipelago.

By continuing to increase the influence of karate in the country, in the end the name PORKI was changed (Federation of Karate Do Sports). Indonesia) became FORKI (Indonesian Karae Sports Federation), where FORKI became the parent organization of all karate academies in Indonesia.

FORKI (Indonesian Karate-Do Sports Federation) has now become the representative of WKF (World Karate Federation) for Indonesia.

Under this FORKI tutorial, Karateka from Indonesia can compete in the main international forums sponsored by WKF.

Forki or (the Indonesian Karate-do Sports Federation) has a symbol which means the FORKI symbol is in the form of a 5 sided with a baseline forming a corner represents the sport of karate fostered by FORKI, founded on the spirit of the August 17, 1945 revolution, based on Pancasila and the Oath Karate.

There are also several Indonesian karateka figures, including the following:

• Baud Adikusumo (INKADO)
• Sabeth Mukhsin(INKAI)
• Anton Lesiangi ( LEMKARI )
• Nardit T(WADOKAI)
• Bert Lengkong (SHINDOKA)
• Chairul Page (KHUSHINKAI)
• Setyo Haryono (GOJU RYU)
• Marcus Basuki (SHITORYU)

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Basic Karate Techniques

Initially, there was no term karate because this martial art actually has the designation Tote or which means Chinese Hand and after entering Japan, Okinawan kanji was replaced by Sensei Gichin Funakoshi into Japanese kanji to karate. In any martial arts, there are always basic movement techniques such as basic taekwondo techniques and also aikido techniques.

Kihon

Kihon, Kumite and Kata For this one basic technique in karate, it literally means foundation and that means, every karatedo needs to master Kihon perfectly before finally being able to recognize and learn Kata as well Kumite

In general, training for this Kihon technique begins with learning the kicking and hitting movements that we know as the white belt stage and the slamming movements found in cocoa powder. When karatedo is at the stage and/or black belt, this means that karatedo has succeeded in mastering all of Kihon.

Say

This is the next basic technique in karate which is literally the form or pattern and in karate, kata is not just the usual physical training or the aerobics that many think person. But more than that, there was a lesson in fighting principles embodied in this basic Kata technique.

There are also life philosophies contained in the many movements of the words and there is a rhythm of movement and breathing that is not the same for each word. There is a term Bunkai in Kata where this is an application that karatedo can use from the basic movement of the Kata itself.

For each word, each stream has a different movement and name. Take for example, Kata Tekki which is in the Shotokan school which is better known as Naihanchi which is in the flow of Shito Ryu and this is what affects the Bunkai in each flow is also different between one and the other other.

Kumite

Meeting hands is the literal meaning of this Kumite and usually this technique is done especially by karatedo who are already at an advanced level, such as a blue belt or more. It's just that, nowadays there are dojos that already offer Kumite teaching/training to yellow belt practitioners or those who are still at the beginner level.

Go hon kumite or regulated kumite is what karatedo first learns before doing free kumite or jiyu kumite. For the flow of direct contact or also known as Kyokushin, karatedo needs to get used to doing this technique when at the blue strip belt level. These karatedo or Kyokushin practitioners may throw punches or kicks at their opponents when fighting with all their might.

For the Shotokan school in Japan, this kumite technique is only for karatedo who are already at the black belt level. Karatedo, in this case, is required to be able to guard every punch so that the friends who are training and competing partners are not injured.

For the Wado-ryu flow, which is a combination flow with the techniques we know, consisting of a mixture of Jujutsu and Karate, Kumite techniques consist of 2 types. The first is the preparation of the Shiai where the training is only techniques that are allowed for competition. The second is Goshinjutsu Kumite where all techniques are practiced; that's why it is also known as Kumite for self-defense because Jujutsu moves such as locks, attacks on vital points, and throws are all included.

Dachi or Horses

Dachi or stanceDachi is a basic movement technique in karate martial arts that is necessary for all novice practitioners to master it correctly and perfectly. Horses are an important starting point in a martial art because they are considered the foundation of all existing movements so that karatedo (a term for karate practitioners) to get to know and learn it with Good.

• Basic stances or legs that need to be shoulder-width apart, namely hachiji-dachi.
• The rear heavy horses, namely ko-kutsu-dachi.
• Front heavy horses, namely zen-kutsu-dachi.
• Middle heavy stance, namely sanshin-dachi.
• Middle heavy stances but feet together (in Unsu's words), namely heisoku-dachi.
• The middle heavy stance (in Hangetsu words), namely hangetsu-dachi.
• Middle weight stances (in Sochin Kata), i.e. sochi-dachi.
• The back heavy horses (in Unsu's words), are neko-ashi-dachi.

Zuki or Punch

Zuki or Punch Other techniques in karate are punching movements or what we can call zuki. This basic movement is also the most important for karatedo practitioners to master it perfectly so that when attacking an opponent it can be done properly. And here are the types of hitting techniques that need to be known and paid attention to.

• The blow is aimed at the solar plexus or stomach, that is, oi-zuki-chudan.
• The blow goes to the head, that is, oi-zuki-jodan.
• The punch is aimed at the stomach but the feet don't move, that is gyaku-zuki.
• The punch is aimed at the head but the feet don't move, that is Kisame-zuki.
• Punches and shoves, namely morete-zuki.
• Punches in the form of soto-ude-uke, namely ura-zuki.
• Punch using both hands, namely morete-hisame-zuki.
• Double punch using both hands, i.e. yama-zuki.
• A punch with a shape like uchi-ude-uke, namely tate-zuki.
• Punch to the side like in Kata Tekki Shodan, namely kage-zuki.
• A punch to the stomach while using the hachiji-dachi stance, namely choku-zuki.
• The punch uses the inner hand which is also shaped like an agi-uke, namely agi-zuki.
• Elbow, that is empi.
• Sword hand, that is tate-shuto.
• Sword hand, namely shuto-uchi.
• Sword hand, i.e. haito-uchi.
• Sword hand, namely haishu-uchi.
• Side punch, namely uraken-uchi.
• Hammer hand, namely tetsui-uchi.

Geri or Kick

Geri or Kick This technique is one of the vital techniques in which kick movement techniques are also used when attacking an opponent apart from using punches. The following are the types of kicks that karatedo practitioners need to pay attention to and even master well as a basis.

• Back kick, namely usiro-geri.
• Kick using the side of the foot or snap, namely yoko-geri-keange.
• Kick using the side of the leg or poke, namely yoko-geri-kekome.
• Kick using the upper leg, namely mawashi-geri.
• Kicks aimed at the stomach and head in a forward direction, namely mae-geri.

Uke or Parry

Uke or Parry The next technique is the parry movement technique. Blocking is also needed when facing an opponent in a match and in countering movements, the body position needs to be sideways or at least in line with the stances. The goal is that when the opponent's kick or punch doesn't hit our block, the attack won't be able to hit our body. The following are a number of parry techniques to pay attention to.

• A response with a form like morote-zuki, namely morote-uke.
• Block using both arms crossed, namely juji-uke.
• Counter using sword hand, namely shuto-uke.
• The middle parry comes from under the armpit, i.e. uchi-ude-uke.
• The middle block comes from behind the ear, namely soto-ude-uke.
• Counterattack, namely agi-uke.
• Lower parry, namely gedan barai.

Benefits of Karate

• Makes the heart healthier By doing karate, the performance of the heart will increase, and the circulatory system that can nourish the heart will also increase.
• Losing weight Research has found that, if we practice karate for 1 hour, we can burn as many as 500 calories.
• Increase the level of reflexes. If you often do martial arts sports such as karate, it will further increase your reaction speed if something happens suddenly.
• Can protect yourself and others. Studying karate can protect us and those around us from acts of criminal behavior. However, this could be done if the conditions at that time were indeed an emergency.
• Increase patience In karate martial arts, we are taught to be more alert and wise. Automatically we will have a humble attitude and also be more patient in dealing with problems.

Karate flow

karate style

Here's a complete list of the flow of karate, namely:

Budokai
Butokan
Chito-Ryu
Cuong Nhu Karate
Doshinkan
Dotokushin Kai
Genwakai
Go Kan Ryu
Gohaku-Kai
Goju-Ryu (Goju-Kai)
Goju Ryu (Kanzen)
Goju-Ryu (Meibukan)
Goju-Ryu (Okinawan)
Goju-Ryu (Unspecified)
Goju Ryu (Yamaguchi)
Gosoku-Ryu
In/Yo Ryu
Isshin Shorinji Ryu
Isshinryu
Jukido Jujitsu
Kenseido
Kobudo
Koei-Kan
Kokondo
Kosho-Ryu Kenpo
Ko Sutemi Seikan
Koyamakan
Kyokushin
Kyokushinkai
Kyu Shin Ryu
Motobu-Ryu
Mugen-Ryu
Mushindo Kempo
Niharate
Okinawan Kempo
Okinawa-Te
Oyama Karate
Ryokukai
Ryuken
Ryukyu Kempo
Sankukai-Kenshikan
Sanzyu-Ryu
Busy
Seido
Seidokan
Seikido
Seikukan
Seishin-Ryu
Shindo Jinen Ryu
Shinjimasu
Shinko-Ryu
Shito-Ryu (Itosu-Kai)
Shito-Ryu (Kofukan)
Shito-Ryu (Kuniba Ha)
Shito-Ryu (Motobu-Ha)
Shito Ryu (Seishinkai)
Shito-Ryu (Unspecified)
Shokenkai Kempo
Shorinji Kempo
Shorinji Ryu
Shorinji Ryu (Sakugawa Koshiki)
Shorin-Ryu
Shorin Ryu (Kobayashi)
Shorin Ryu (Matsubayashi)
Shorin Ryu (Matsumura)
Shorin Ryu (Shobayashi)
Shorin Ryu (Shorin Kan)
Shorin Ryu (Sukunaihayashi)
Shorin Ryu Kenshin Kan
Shoshin-Ryu
Shotokai
Shotokan
Shoto-Ryu
Shudokai
Shudokan
Shuri Ryu
Shuri-Te
Shutokan
Taiho-ryu
Uechi-Ryu
Wado-Kai
Wado-Ryu
Washinkai
Washin Ryu
Yoseikan
Yoshukai
Yuishinka
YuishinkaiYuishinkai
Yuishinka

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