Faith in Qada and Qadar: Definition, Proof, Wisdom and Its Functions

Faith in Qada and Qadar: Definition, Proposition, Wisdom and Their Functions – What is meant by Faith in Qada and Qadar? At this opportunity About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course also the things that surround it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Faith in Qada and Qadar: Definition, Proof, Wisdom and Its Functions

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Understanding Qadha and Qadar According to language, Qadha has several meanings, namely: law, decree, command, will, notification, creation. According to Islamic terms, what is meant by qadha is Allah's decree since the time of Azali in accordance with His iradah regarding everything that is pleasing to creatures. While Qadar meaning qadar according to language is: certainty, regulation, size. Meanwhile, according to Islam, qadar is the embodiment or reality of Allah's provision for all creatures in a certain level and shape according to His will.

Believing in qadha and qadar is one of the pillars of faith, namely the sixth pillar of faith, in which one's faith is not perfect and valid unless one believes in it. Ibn Abbas once said, “Qadar is a nidzam (rule) of monotheism. Whoever believes in monotheism of Allah and believes in qadar, then his monotheism is perfect. And whoever believes in monotheism of Allah and denies qadar, then his lies damage his monotheism "(Majmu' Fataawa Sheikh Al-Islam, 8/258).

There are several differences or meanings of Qada and Qadar, including the following:

• Qada that is:
  • Decision or Law (Qur'an Surah An-Nisa' verse 65)
  • Making or Manifesting (Qur'an Surah Fussilat verse 12)
  • Will (Qur'an Surah Ali Imron verse 47)
  • Command (Qur'an Surah Al-Isra' verse 23)
• Qadar means:
  • regulate or determine something according to its limits (Q.S. Surat Fussilat verse 10)
  • size (Q.S. Surah Ar-Ra'du verse 17)
  • power or ability (Q.S. Surat Al-Baqarah verse 236)
  • provisions or certainty (Q.S. Al-Mursalat verse 23)
  • the embodiment of Allah's will for all of His creatures in certain forms of limitation (Q.S. Al-Qomar verse 49)

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The Proof of Faith in Qada and Qadar

There are many arguments for faith in Qada and Qadar, including;

وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا

“…And it is Allah's decree that is a decree that will definitely apply.” [Al-Ahzab/33 :38]

Also His words:

إِنَّا كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقْنَاهُ بِقَدَرٍ

"Verily We created everything according to measure." [Al-Qamar/54: 49]

And also His other words:

وَإِنْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا عِنْدَنَا خَزَائِنُهُ وَمَا نُنَزِّلُهُ إِلَّا بِقَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ

"And there is nothing but with Us are the treasures, and We did not send it down except with a certain measure." [Al-Hijr/15: 21]

Also His words:

إِلَىٰ قَدَرٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَقَدَرْنَا فَنِعْمَ الْقَادِرُونَ

"Until the specified time, then We determine (the shape), then We are the best to determine." [Al-Mursalaat/77: 22-23]

Also His other words:

ثُمَّ جِئْتَ عَلَىٰ قَدَرٍ يَا مُوسَىٰ

"...Then you come according to the appointed time, O Moses." [Thaaha/20: 40]

And also His words:

وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُ تَقْدِيرًا

“…And He has created all things, and He has determined their measurements in perfect order.” [Al-Furqaan/25: 2]

And His other words:

وَالَّذِي قَدَّرَ فَهَدَىٰ

"And who determines the levels (each) and gives instructions." [Al-A'laa/87: 3]

His other words:

لِيَقْضِيَ اللَّهُ أَمْرًا كَانَ مَفْعُولًا

“… (Allah brought the two armies together) so that He would do something that had to be done…” [Al-Anfaal/8: 42]

As well as his other words:

وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَتُفْسِدُنَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَّتَيْنِ

"And We have decreed against the Children of Israel in the Book, 'Surely you will make mischief in the earth twice..." [Al-Israa'/17: 4]

Proofs From As-Sunnah While the sunnah is like the words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam as contained in the hadith of Gabriel Alaihissalam

وَتُؤْمِنَ بِالْقَدَرِ خَيْرِهِ وَشَرِّهِ

"...And you believe in qadar, both good and bad... ."

It is narrated that one day Rasulullah SAW was visited by a man who was dressed all in white, his hair was very black. The man asked about Islam, Iman and Ihsan. About faith Rasulullah replied which means: You should believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and also believe in the qadar (destiny) that good or bad. the man said? Sir right?. (H.R. Muslim)

The man is the Angel Gabriel who deliberately came to give religious lessons to the people of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The Prophet's answer, which was justified by the Angel Gabriel, contains the pillars of faith. One of the pillars of faith is faith in qadha and qadar. Thus, believing in qadha and qadar is our heart. We must believe with all our hearts that everything that happens to us, both pleasant and unpleasant, is the will of God.

As believers, we must be willing to accept all God's provisions for us. In a hadith qudsi Allah says which means:? Whoever is not pleased with My making up and My destiny and is impatient of My calamity which I inflict on him, then he should seek God besides Me. (H.R. Tabrani)

Allah's destiny is Allah's iradah (will). Therefore destiny is not always according to our wishes. When the destiny for us is according to our wishes, let us be grateful because it is a blessing that God has given us. When the destiny we experience is unpleasant or a disaster, then we should accept it patiently and sincerely. We must be sure, that behind the disaster there is wisdom that sometimes we don't know about it. Allah is All-Knowing of what he does.

Faith in qadha and qadar means believing and believing with all your heart that Allah SWT has determined everything for his creatures. In connection with qadha and qadar, Rasulullah SAW said which means the following which means:

“Verily, a person is created in his mother's belly for 40 days in the form of a nutfah, 40 days as a clot of blood, 40 days day became a lump of flesh, then Allah sent an angel to blow the spirit into it and wrote down four provisions, viz about his sustenance, his death, his deeds, and (his way of life) miserable or happy." (Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim from Abdullah bin Mas'ud).

From the hadith above, we can see that the fate of humans has been determined by Allah since before he was born. Even though every human being has their fate determined, it does not mean that humans just stay silent waiting for their fate without trying and endeavoring. Humans are still obliged to try, because success does not come by itself.

Never make destiny as an excuse to be lazy to try and do evil. Once it happened during the time of Caliph Umar bin Khattab, a thief was caught and brought before the Caliph Umar. "Why are you stealing?" asked the caliph. The thief replied, "Indeed Allah has destined me to be a thief."

Hearing this answer, Caliph Umar was angry, then said, “Just hit this person with a whip, then cut him his hands!” The people who were there asked, "Why is the law burdened like that?" Caliph Umar replied, "Yes, that's it. worth it. He must have his hands cut off for stealing and must be beaten for lying in the name of Allah.”

Regarding the obligation to endeavor, it is confirmed in a story. At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, it once happened that a Bedouin Arab came to the Prophet. The man came on horseback. Upon arriving, he dismounted from his horse and went straight to the prophet, without first tying his horse. The Prophet rebuked the man, "Why don't you tie the horse?" The Bedouin Arab replied, "Let it be, I put my trust in Allah". The Prophet also said, "Tie your horse, after that put your trust in Allah".

From this story it is clear that even though God has determined everything, humans are still obliged to make an effort. We don't know what will happen to us, so we have to make an effort. If you want to be smart, you should study hard. If you want to be rich, work diligently after that pray. By praying? a we return all matters to Allah, we to Allah SWT. Thus whatever happens we can accept it with pleasure and sincerity.

As for the fitrah, that faith in qadar is something that has been understood by nature, both past and present, and no one denies it except a number of polytheists. The mistake does not lie in denying and denying qadar, but in understanding it in the right way. Therefore, Allah Azza wa Jalla says about the polytheists:

سَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا أَشْرَكْنَا وَلَا آبَاؤُنَا

"Those who associate partners with Allah, will say, 'If Allah willed, surely we and our fathers would not have associated partners with Him... .'" [Al-An'aam/6: 148]

They determine the will (masyii-ah) for Allah, but they argue with him over the act of shirk. Then He explained that this was the state of the people before them, with His words:

كَذَٰلِكَ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ

“… So did those who before them denied (the Apostles)… .” [Al-An'aam/6: 148]

As for the argument of reason, common sense ensures that Allah is the Creator of this universe, the One Who Rules it and the One Who Rules It. It is impossible for this world to have come into being with such a wondrous, intertwined, and closely related system of cause and effect in such a way as to be by chance. This is because, in fact, form does not have a system at the origin of its form, then how can it become systemized when it exists and develops? If this is scientifically proven that Allah is the Creator, then it is certain that nothing happens in His power except what He wills and ordains. Among those showing this statement are the words of Allah Azza wa Jalla:

اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ وَمِنَ الْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ يَتَنَزَّلُ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُنَّ لِتَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عِلْمًا

“It is Allah who created the seven heavens and the earth like that. Allah's commands apply to him, so that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and indeed Allah, His knowledge really covers everything. [Ath-Thalaaq/65: 12]

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Kinds of Fate

Regarding the relationship between qadha and qadar with this endeavor, the scholars argue that there are two kinds of destiny:

Mua'llaq's destiny

namely fate which is closely related to human endeavor. Example of an aspiring student wanting to become an agricultural engineer. To achieve his goals, he studied diligently. Finally what he aspired to come true. He became an agricultural engineer. In this case Allah says:

Meaning: For humans there are angels who always follow him in turn, in front of him and behind him, they guard him at the command of Allah. Indeed, Allah does not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And if Allah wills bad for a people, then no one can refuse it; and there is no protector for them besides Him. (Q.S Ar-Ra'd verse 11)

Mubram's destiny

namely destiny that happens to humans and cannot be attempted or cannot be bargained for by humans. Example. There are people who are born with slanted eyes, or are born with black skin while their mother and father are white and so on.

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Wisdom of Faith in Qada and Qadar

• Train yourself to be grateful and patient

People who believe in qadha and qadar, if they get luck, they will be grateful, because luck is a gift from Allah that must be grateful for. On the other hand, if a disaster hits, he will be patient, because this is a test of Allah's Word:

Meaning: "and whatever favors you have, then from Allah (coming), and if harm is overwritten, then only to Him do you ask for help." (Qs. An-Nahl verse 53).

• Abstain from pride and despair

People who do not believe in making up and making up decisions, when they get success, they consider that success is solely due to the results of their own efforts. He also felt great. When he experiences failure, he easily complains and gives up, because he realizes that failure is actually God's provision. Word of Allah SWT:

Meaning: O my children, go you, then seek news about Joseph and his brother and do not despair of Allah's mercy. Indeed, none despair of Allah's mercy, except those who disbelieve. (QS. Yusuf verse 87)

The words of the Prophet: which means: People will not enter heaven in whose heart there is a mustard seed from the nature of arrogance. (HR. Muslim)

• Foster optimism and work hard

Man does not know what fate has happened to him. Everyone certainly wants good luck and luck. Luck does not just come, but must be cultivated. Therefore, people who believe in qadha and qadar are always optimistic and work hard to achieve that happiness and success. God's word:

Meaning: And seek what Allah has bestowed on you (happiness) in the hereafter, and do not forget your share of (enjoyment) worldly and do good (to others) as Allah has done good, to you, and do not do mischief in (face) of the earth. Verily, Allah does not like those who do mischief. (QS Al-Qashas verse 77)

• Soothes the soul

People who believe in qadha and qadar are happy to experience peace of mind in their lives, because they are always happy with what Allah has determined for them. If lucky or successful, he is grateful. If affected by disaster or failure, he is patient and tries again.

Meaning: O calm soul. Return to your Lord with a calm heart and please Him. Then enter into the congregation of My servants, and enter into My heaven. (QS. Al-Fajr verses 27-30)

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Characteristics of People Who Believe in Qada and Qadar

A Muslim who believes in the provisions of Allah SWT will definitely have a high level of obedience. Characteristics of people who believe in qada and qadar:

• Always be aware and accept reality.
• Be patient.
• Diligent in trying and not easily give up.
• Be optimistic, not pessimistic.
• Always be humble.
• Obey the commands of Allah SWT and stay away from His prohibitions
• Put your trust in Allah SWT
• Fill life with positive things to achieve happiness in the afterlife

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The Function of Faith in Qada and Qadar

Believing in Qadha and Qadar also has a function in our daily lives. Its functions include:

• Always have good prejudice (husnudzan) to Allah swt.
• Avoid yourself from kufr attitude, because always be grateful to Allah SWT.
• Optimistic in carrying out all the commands of Allah swt. and not easily discouraged. As described in QS. Yusuf verse: 87
• Get closer to Allah SWT (Q.S. Al Hadid verse 22)
• Educate people to always try / endeavor (Q.S. Ar Ra'du verse 11 and An Najm verse 39-42)
• Educating people to always be patient and trustful (Q.S. Al Baqarah verses 155 – 156 and Ali Imran verse 159)
• Educating people not to be arrogant / arrogant (Q.S. Lukman verse 18)

Examples of Qada and Qadar

• Rahma is a smart student, Rahma rarely studies. Rahma only studied for a few minutes, before the test was about to start. So when Rahma received the results of the test, Rahma got very good grades.
• In grade 9 junior high school, Aming was a student who had ordinary achievements. But because of his perseverance and effort, he was able to catch up with his friends and during the final exams at the foreign school he became the best student.
• Alya is 14 years old, now she is in 8th grade. Alya's life, based on the average life age of Indonesia's population, is around 64 years. But at the age of 15, Alya became seriously ill, she had undergone various treatments, but in the end, Alya died.
• The sun rises during the day, and the moon and stars appear at night.
• When does the sea ebb and flow.
• Every creature must die.
• Determine the gender of male or female.
• Defines a person's birth.
• Stupid people can be smart if they study hard and pray to Allah SWT
• Poor people who really seek accompanied by prayer can become rich people.

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