Chromatography: Definition, Types and Explanations
Chromatography: Definition, Types and Explanations – In this discussion we will explain about chromatography. An explanation that includes the meaning of chromatography, types of chromatography and explanations that will be presented in a complete and light manner. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Chromatography: Definition, Types and Explanations
Let's discuss the definition of chromatography first carefully.
Definition of Chromatography
Chromatography is a technique for separating molecules which are based on different patterns of movement between the mobile phase and the stationary phase in order to separate the components (in the form of molecules) inside solution. (Wikipedia)
Molecules that have dissolved in the mobile phase, will pass through the column which is in the stationary phase. Molecules that have strong bonds with the column will tend to be able to move more slowly when compared to molecules that have weak bonds.
With this step all kinds of types of molecules can be separated according to the movement in the column. After the components have eluted from the column, these components can be analyzed using a detector or can also be combined for further analysis.
Another design of chromatography is a technology used to separate a mixture by converting it into its constituent components. This technology involves important parts which are moving parts and stationary parts.
A person who comes from the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet first discovered the chromatography technique in 1900 which was through research on chlorophyll. He used an adsorption-liquid column which contained calcium carbonate to separate the pigment from the plant. The method was then published on 30 December 1901 at the 11th congress of Doctors and Naturalists (XI съезд естествоиспытателей и врачей) in Saint Petersburg. For descriptive writing, it was first presented in 1903, in the meeting report of the 'Warsaw Society of Naturalists, section of biology'.
Types of Chromatography
The following are several types of chromatography, including:
Liquid Chromatography (Liquid Chromatography)
Liquid chromatography is a technique that is very appropriate for separating ions or molecules dissolved in a solution. If the sample solution interacts with the stationary phase, then the molecules present inside interact with the stationary phase. However, the interactions are different because there is a difference in adsorption, ion exchange, partitioning or even size.
This difference is what makes the components separate from one another and the difference can be seen through the length of time the components transit through the column. The types of liquid chromatography are:
- Reverse Phase Chromatography (Reverse Phrase Chromatography)
Reversed phase chromatography is a powerful analytical tool with a combination of properties hydrophobic as well as the low polarity of the stationary phase which is chemically bonded to inert solids such as silica. This method is often used in the process of extraction and separation of compounds that are difficult to evaporate (non-volatile). - High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC)
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has the same principle as the reverse phrase. But in this phase, using high pressure and speed. The columns used in HPLC are shorter and have a smaller diameter, but can produce a large number of equilibrium levels. - Size Exclusion Chromatography
Size exclusion chromatography, also known as gel permetation or filtration chromatography, is often used to separate and purify proteins. This method does not interfere with various types of absorption and is also very fast. The chromatographic device is similar to a porous gel which can separate large molecules as well as small molecules. Large molecules will also elute first which is caused by these molecules not being able to penetrate the pores. - Ion Exchange Chromatography (Ion Exchange Chromatography)
Ion exchange chromatography is often used for the purification of biological materials, e.g. amino acids, peptides, proteins. With this method it can be done in two types, which are in columns or flat spaces. There are two types of ion exchange namely:
o Exchange of cations (cation exchange): in the stationary phase has a negative charge
o Anion exchange: the stationary phase has a positive charge.
Charged molecules that are in the liquid phase will pass through the column. If the charge on the molecule is the same as that of the column, the molecule will be eluted. But if the charge contained in the molecule is different from the column charge. In order to elute the molecules attached to the column, it requires the addition of a solution with a certain level of PH and ionic strength.
Separation using this method is more selective because the cost of operating this method is quite cheap and the capacity is high. Therefore this method is often used at the beginning of the whole process.
In general, there are two types of chromatography, namely liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Liquid chromatography has several types consisting of:
- Paper chromatography or partition chromatography
- Column chromatography
- Thin layer chromatography or absorption.
Of the three types of liquid chromatography above, the following is an explanation of the above.
Paper chromatography
Paper chromatography is a type of chromatography that uses a paper stationary phase contains cellulose in it, while the solvent used for the mobile phase is a solvent or a mixture of solvents in accordance.
Paper that acts as a stationary phase will be dipped into the sample or solvent, which is then sampled and the solvent by capillary action will be absorbed which moves upwards. Paper chromatography is used to separate inks, dyes, plant compounds, for example, chlorophyll, make-up and other substances.
Column Chromatography
Column chromatography is a type of chromatography that uses a glass column in its method stage. In this type of chromatographic process it is usually used to separate pigments from a plant. The pigment mixture is then put into a glass column containing alumina. The solvent then flows in order to carry the mixture through the column.
Pigment will walk down through the column with a speed that depends on whether or not a pigment adsorption strength in aluminia. Pigments that are weakly adsorbed in alumina will pass through the column more quickly than pigments that are strongly adsorbed. The pigment then separates and becomes one in a different place when it leaves the column.
Thin layer chromatography
Thin layer chromatography is a technique for qualitative analysis of the sample to be examined by separating the sample components based on polarity differences. The working principle of thin layer chromatography is to separate samples according to the difference in polarity between the sample and the solvent used.
Usually in this type of chromatographic technique using a silica plate as the stationary phase and the mobile phase used is adjusted to the type of sample to be separated. The solution or mixture used is called the eluent.
Thus has been explained about Chromatography: Definition, Types and Explanations hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read our other articles.
List of contents
Recommendation:
- Class 6 Farewell Speech Text: Main Contents, Characteristics,… Farewell Speech Text for Class 6: Main Contents, Characteristics, Purpose and Examples of Speeches - What is the composition of the text of farewell speech for class 6 which is good and true and touching?
- Purpose of Explanatory Text: Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Rules,… Purpose of Explanatory Text: Definition, Structure, Characteristics, Rules, Examples - In this discussion we will explain about explanatory text. Which includes the understanding of explanatory text, the purpose of explanatory text, the structure of the text...
- Suspension Is: Definition, Characteristics, Examples And… Suspension Is: Definition, Characteristics, Examples and Differences with Solutions and Colloids – What is Suspension? Suspension is a term used in chemistry to describe a mixture of two...
- Properties of Solutions: Definition and Types of Solutions Properties of Solutions: Definition and Types of Solutions - What are the Properties of the Solution? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss what are the properties of solutions and other elements about them. Let's take a look at the discussion on...
- DNA and RNA: Definition, Characteristics, Differences and… DNA and RNA: Definition, Characteristics, Differences and Discussion of the Process - What are the meanings and differences of DNA and RNA? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that...
- Separating Funnel: Definition, Form, Function, Working Principle… Separating Funnel: Definition, Form, Function, Working Principle and How to Use it - What is a separatory funnel? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it, including functions, how it works and of course other things that...
- LHO Text: Definition, Characteristics, Characteristics, Purpose, Functions,… LHO Text: Definition, Characteristics, Characteristics, Purpose, Function, Structure, Linguistic Rules and Examples - What is what do you mean by LHO Text or Observation Report Text? On this occasion About knowledge.co.id…
- Preface: Definition, Structure and Examples Preface: Definition, Structure and Examples - How to write a good Preface ?On this occasion, Around the Knowledge.co.id will discuss what is the Preface and other things about it. Let's see…
- √ Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Discuss… Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Full Discussion) - In this discussion we will explain about Passive Transport. Which includes the definition, types and examples of passive transport with a complete discussion and...
- 18 Definitions of Research According to Experts (Discussion… 18 Definition of Research According to Experts (Full Discussion) - Another term for research is research. Research comes from the English language research, research which comes from the words re (back) and search (looking for). Etymologically research means "research" that is looking for facts...
- Motivational short stories: definition, writing tips and examples Motivational Short Stories: Definition, Writing Tips and Examples - What is a Motivational Short Story?, On On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is the Short Story of Friendship and other matters about it. Let's see…
- Long Jump: Definition, History, Technique, Style and… Long Jump: Definition, History, Technique, Style and Rules - What is called the Long Jump ?On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss what the Long Jump is and other things about it. Let…
- Straits in Indonesia: Definition of Straits and 50… Straits in Indonesia: Definition of Straits and their 50 Names - What straits are in Indonesia?
- √ Definition of Titration and How to Do Titrations… Definition of Titration and How to Do a Titration (Complete) – In the chemistry lesson about substances that are generally studied in the science department or more precisely the chemistry department It is in…
- 29 Definition of Strategy According to Experts (Discussion… 29 Definition of Strategy According to Experts (Full Discussion) - You must be familiar with the word strategy? Usually we hear the word when we want to make a plan. Devise a strategy…
- Catabolism: Definition, Process and Triggers Catabolism: Definition, Process and Triggers - The body's process of obtaining energy is called metabolism. Metabolism is still divided into 2 namely catabolism and anabolism. On this occasion, we will discuss what…
- Rounders Game: Definition, History, Techniques, Infrastructure… Game Rounders: Definition, History, Techniques, Infrastructure and Value System - Do you know what it's called rounders game? Which…
- Pencak Silat: Definition, History, Characteristics, Purpose, Techniques,… Pencak Silat: Definition, History, Characteristics, Purpose, Techniques, and Levels - Does anyone know what it is Pencak Silat? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss Pencak Silat and other things other…
- Protected Forest: Definition, Function, Legal Basis for Protecting… Protected Forest: Definition, Function, Legal Basis for Protection and Examples - What is meant by protected forest? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things Also…
- Collision Theory: Definition and Factors Influencing… Collision Theory: Definition and Factors Influencing Reaction Rate - Have you ever heard of the term Collision Theory? For Physics students, of course this is not a foreign term. But for those of you who don't understand...
- 2 Dimensional Art Works: Definition, Techniques, Elements, Media… 2 Dimensional Art Works: Definition, Techniques, Elements, Media and Examples - What is meant by 2 Dimensional Art Works?
- Mangrove Forests Are: Characteristics, Benefits, Causes of Damage And… Mangrove Forests Are: Characteristics, Benefits, Triggers of Damage and Countermeasures - What is meant by forest mangroves and their functions? On this occasion, Se regarding the knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course about it other…
- 12 Definitions of Motion According to Experts and Its Types (Complete) 12 Definitions of Motion According to Experts and Its Types (Complete) - After we discussed understanding physics, then we will discuss the meaning of motion and the types of motion that are internal matter physics…
- Computer Hardware: How it Works, Types, Examples and… Computer Hardware: How it Works, Types, Examples and Functions - In today's computerized era, we are definitely familiar with computers and their devices. However, some may not know...
- Definition of Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss… Understanding Carbohydrates and Their Functions for the Body (Discuss Completely) - Food is needed by the body most importantly as a source of energy. One of the sources of energy most needed by the body is…
- √ Definition of Filtration (Filtering), Centrifugation,… Definition of Filtration (Filtering), Centrifugation, Evaporation, Distillation - In this discussion we will explain about filtration, centrifugation, evaporation, distillation and methods of separating mixtures and examples in full and light. To know…
- Table Tennis: Definition, History, Techniques, Equipment,… Table Tennis: Definition, History, Techniques, Equipment, Rules, Types of Strokes and Scoring Systems - What do you know about Table Tennis? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss whether...
- Crafts from Hard Materials: Definition, Types, Techniques,… Crafts from Hard Materials: Definition, Types, Techniques, Stages of How to Make and Examples - What is it handicrafts made of hard materials? On this occasion, Seputarknowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course things…
- Karate: Definition, History, Basic Techniques and Flow Karate: Definition, History, Basic Techniques and Trends - What is Karate? On this occasion, AboutKnowledge.co.id will discuss what Karate is and other things about it. Let's take a look at the discussion on...
- River Flow Patterns: Definition, Types and Forms River Flow Patterns: Definition, Types and Forms - What is a river flow pattern? Let's see…