Understanding Platelets: Function, Working Method, Characteristics, Structure And Formation Process

Definition of Platelets: Function, Ways of Working, Characteristics, Structure and Formation Process – What is platelets and their function?, On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course about other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

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Understanding Platelets: Function, Working Method, Characteristics, Structure And Formation Process

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Platelets are one of the cells that have a very important role when an injury or leak occurs in a blood vessel. The normal number of platelets in the human body is 150,000 – 400,000 platelets per micro-liter of blood.

Another name for platelets is platelets. Platelets also function for a blood clotting process. A condition in which a person has a platelet count below 150,000 or less than normal is called thrombocytopenia. If the number of platelets is higher than 400,000 it is called Thrombocytosis. The life span of platelets only lasts about 5-9 days in the blood.

Old and damaged platelets are removed from the bloodstream by the spleen, then replaced by new platelets.

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Thrombocyte Function

• For the blood clotting mechanism.
• Makes puckering the shape of blood vessels that are injured or torn.
• Thrombocyte activity.
• The activity of other blood clotting particles in the blood plasma.

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How Thrombocytes Work

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  Platelet Adhesions

Platelet adhesion, namely the attachment of platelets to the endothelial lining and the injured membrane so that the wound in the blood vessel closes again.

This attachment process will result in the formation of a connection between the platelet field and the wound membrane so that it fosters a platelet sticking effect and names other coagulation factors.

• Platelet Aggregation

Platelet aggregation is the ability of platelets to stick to one another to make patches. Platelets that stick to the membrane during the adhesion process will form other platelets attached to it so that the patch locks the wound.

However, the clotting of the patch cannot be overactive because it will be prone and result in all blood vessels being closed.

• Platelet Liberation

Platelet liberation is a process for normal platelet patching and coagulation to occur. This process is triggered by the release of the contents of the platelet granules, such as ADP, collagen and epinephrine. This release forms platelets from a disc shape to a round one.

• Platelet Fusion

Platelet fusion is a fusion process of platelets which is irreversible or irreversible.

This process was caused by the high percentage of ADP and other particles that came out due to the dismissal process. The fibrin structure will fortify the new membrane that is created at the wound site.

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Process of Formation of Platelets

The process of formation and development of all blood cells from their parent precursors is called Hemopoiesis. Blood cells in adults are formed in the bone marrow. Meanwhile, during the fetal period, hemopoiesis occurs in the yolk, then moves to the liver and spleen, and finally to the bones.

The formation of platelets is called megakaryopoiesis because they are produced from the bone marrow by fragmentation of the megakaryocyte cytoplasm. Precursor megacryocytes – megakaryoblasts arise by differentiation from the original hemopoietic cells.

Megakaryocytes during the replication process will increase the volume of the cytoplasm when the number of nuclei doubles.

In the 8th time of replication, the cell growth will stop. The cytoplasm will form granular and platelets are released. Each megakaryocyte can produce about 4000 platelets.

These platelets are under the control of a substance called thrombopoietin (produced by the kidneys and liver). The newly formed platelets have a stronger hemostatic capacity and are slightly larger in size.

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Characteristics of Low Platelets

The following are the characteristics of low platelets, including the following:

Blood flow is not normal during menstruation
Easily tired
It's easy to get overly bruised
There is superficial bleeding, a condition in which a reddish-purple rash appears on certain limbs. Usually appears on the lower leg
Bleeding in the gums or nose
There is blood in your urine or stool
The size of the spleen is enlarged
Jaundice
Sustained blood appears when experiencing open wounds

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Characteristics of High Platelets

The following are the characteristics of high platelets, including the following:

Headache.
Chest pain.
Limp body.
Temporary visual disturbances.
Tingling in the arms or legs
Bleeding from the nose, mouth, gums and digestive tract.
Bruises on the skin

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Limitation of Platelet Function

Continuous clumping of platelets can cause blockage of blood vessels as a whole. It can be very dangerous for the body.

Because of this, platelets can secrete material that limits the extent of their clotting. The main ingredient that performs this function is thromboxane A2, which causes the restriction of the platelets.

Injured tissue also releases protacyclic I2, which functions opposite to thromboxane A2. The goal is that the injured tissue still has active platelets.

These two components work in balance so that the wound is maintained by platelets and excessive clots do not form in the wound area.

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Platelet Structure

Platelets have a shape of about 1 to 4 microns with a disc-like cell shape and do not have parent cells. Even though they do not have a parent cell, platelets can still synthesize proteins because they have an RNA load in their cytoplasm. The diameter of the cell is between about 2 to 3 microns.

Platelets have a 3-layer membranous process and a membranous process that has sections. The membrane acts like a guard for platelets from locations outside the cell. The membrane is also like phospholipids that accommodate in the blood clotting system. In the platelet sub-membrane, microfilament particles are obtained, namely thrombastine, the function of the thrombastine is the same as actomyosin which acts in contraction.

In the cytoplasm of platelets, cell organelles and other significant structures such as microtubules, nucletides, lysosomes, granules and others are found. On the platelet field there are antigens that trigger autoimmune diseases about platelets, platelet antigens are also called Human Platelet Antigen (HPA).

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Platelet Enhancing Foods

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  Folic acid rich intake

Usually the content of folic acid can be obtained from green leafy vegetables such as spinach, beef liver, black legumes, cereals and dairy products, rice and yeast

• Foods rich in vitamin B12

Meet their needs by regularly consuming beef and beef liver, eggs, fatty fish such as salmon and tuna, cereals, alternative dairy products such as almond or soy milk.

• Vitamin C

The types of foods rich in vitamin C include broccoli, sprouts, sour-tasting fruits such as oranges and grapefruits, kiwi, red and green peppers and strawberries. In order not to get bored, try to combine vegetables and fruits in a refreshing salad dish. Eating foods rich in vitamin C in raw conditions is recommended so that the vitamin content is not lost.

• Vitamin K

Ideally, adults need 120 mg of vitamin K daily and 90 mg for women. So, what are the foods rich in vitamin K that should be consumed regularly?

Dark green leafy vegetables, broccoli, soybeans and pumpkin are examples of foods rich in this one vitamin. Make sure your vitamin K adequacy is met

Beyond that, iron also plays a vital role in keeping platelet levels maintained. Iron deficiency will make blood health is threatened. Ideally; men and women over 50 years of age need 8 mg of iron daily, 18 mg of iron for adult women and 27 mg of iron daily during pregnancy.

Iron needs can be obtained from oysters, beef liver, fortified cereals, kidney beans, dark chocolate, nuts and tofu.

• Vitamin D

Based on the Platelet Disorder Support Association, vitamin D has a vital function in supporting the performance of bone marrow cells to produce platelets and other blood cells. Make sure you are consuming 15 mg of vitamin D each day. Besides sun exposure, the following foods are potential sources of the vitamin D you need:

• Egg yolk
• Fatty fish like salmon, tuna and mackerel
• Fish liver oil
• Fortified milk and yogurt
• Cereals
• Fruit juice
• Fortified dairy products such as soy milk
• Mold

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