Press is: Definition, Characteristics, Legal Basis, Functions, Roles and Types

Press is: Definition, Characteristics, Legal Basis, Functions, Roles and Types – In this discussion we will explain about the Press. Which includes the definition, characteristics, legal basis, function, role, types of press with a complete and easy-to-understand explanation.

Press is: Definition, Characteristics, Legal Basis, Functions, Roles and Types

For more details, please see the review below carefully.

Definition of the Press

Before discussing the definition according to experts, let's first look at the explanation of the press. The word press is etymologically derived from the Dutch "Persen" which in English "Press" which means to press.

The point of pressing here refers to the ancient printing press (typewriter) which in its use had to be pressed firmly in order to create copyrighted works written on sheets of paper.

From the explanation above, the press has the meaning as a work that is produced on a sheet made by pressing a tool.

In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, there are several definitions of the press, including:

• The press is a form of printing and publishing business
• The press is the business of gathering news and broadcasting it
• The press is a way of broadcasting news with newspapers, magazines, radio or other media.
• The press are people engaged in news broadcasting
• The press is a medium used for broadcasting news such as newspapers, magazines, radio, television and films

In Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press. The definition of the press is a social institution and vehicle that is used as mass communication that carries out journalistic activities includes seeking, obtaining, possessing, storing, processing and conveying information in the form of writing, sound and images, graphics as well as data or in other forms using print media, electronic media, and all kinds of channels available.

Understanding the Press According to Experts

After knowing the general meaning of the press and according to KBBI. In the following, we also summarize the meaning of the press put forward by several experts, including:

1. Oemar Seno Adji

The definition of the press according to Oemar Seno Adji is

• In a narrow sense, the press is the broadcasting of one's ideas and feelings in a written way
• In a broad sense, the press is the delivery of one's thoughts or ideas and good feelings by using written or oral words that use all available communication media tools There is.

2. Frederick S. Siebert

The definition of the press according to Frederich S. Siebert is all mass communication media that fulfills a universalistic condition or not and also mass communication media that fulfills certain universalistic requirements.

3. L. Taufik

Understanding the Press according to L. Taufik is the efforts of mass communication tools to meet the needs of community members for information, entertainment, the desire to know events, or news that has been or will be happening around them in particular and in the world generally.

4. Weiner

The definition of the press according to Weiner is to have three meanings. The first is print media journalists. Both publicity or coverage. The three print-up printing presses.

5. Raden Mas Djokomono

The definition of the press according to Raden Mas Djokomono is something that forms public opinion through writing in newspapers.

6. Marshall McLuhan

The definition of the press according to Marshall McLuhan is something that connects one place to another and one event to another in one moment at the same time.

7. J.C.T Simorangkir

The definition of the press according to J.C.T Simorangkir is

• In a narrow sense, the press is only limited to daily newspapers, weekly and magazines
• In a broad sense, the press is not only limited to newspapers, magazines, weekly tabloids, but also includes radio, television and films.

8. Lecturer Suhandang

The definition of the press according to Kustadi Suhandang is the art or skill of searching, collecting, processing, compiling and presents news about events that occur daily, in order to meet all the needs of conscience audience.

Press features

The characteristics of the press, including namely:

• periodicity
  An institution is called the press if it can publish information and news regularly and periodically. Periodicity emphasizes the schedule of publication, rhythm of publication and consistency.
• Publicity
  The press must be able to disseminate news/information to audiences with heterogeneous targets
• actuality
  All published news/information must have elements of something new or up to date.
• Universality
  A lot of information is in the press but there are always topics that make headlines.
• objectivity
  In carrying out the profession, moral and ethical values ​​must be upheld by the mass media, both print and online.

Legal Basis in the Press

As a communication medium, the press has a strong legal basis. The legal basis is:

1. 1945 Constitution
   In the 1945 Constitution there is an article explaining matters relating to the press, namely article 28 F which explains human rights. Article 28 F describes the freedom of association, assembly and information
2. Law No. 40 of 1999 regarding the press
3. Journalistic code of ethics

Press Function

Simply put, the press is a means of finding information and is also used in communication.

Meanwhile, the function of the press is based on Article 3 paragraph 1 and 2 of Law no. 40 of 1999, namely:

• The national press has a function as an information medium
• The national press has a function as an educational medium
• The national press has a function as a means of entertainment
• The national press has a function as a medium of social control
• The national press has a function as an economic institution

According to Harold D. Lasswell And Charles R. Wright, the function of the press is:

• Used as a Social Monitoring Tool (Social Surveillance)
• Used as a Socialization Tool (Socialization)
• Dijasikan Social Correlation Tool (Social Correlation)

The Role of the Press

In general, the role of the press is to provide information and to communicate. Meanwhile, the role of the press in Article 6 of Law no. 40 of 1999, are:

• Fulfill the public's right to know all information
• Upholding the basic values ​​of democracy, helping to promote the rule of law, respecting human rights and respecting diversity.
• Supervise, criticize, correct and suggest on all matters related to the public interest.
• Developing public opinion based on proper, accurate and correct information.

Types of Press

There are different types of press or mass media, including:

• Press/Traditional Mass Media
  These are all media with authority and have a clear organization as media. Examples of the press or traditional media include: newspapers, magazines, radio, films, wide screens or television.
• Press/Modern Mass Media
  These are all media with authority and no authority and also have media organizations. Examples of modern press or mass media include online news sites, social media, chat applications and so on.

Press Company

According to article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1999 Law on the Press. The definition of a press company is an Indonesian legal entity that carries out the business of the press including print media companies, media electronics and news agencies as well as media companies that specifically organize, broadcast or distribute information.

News agency

According to Article 1 paragraph 3 of Law Number 40 of 1999, the definition of a news agency is a press company. which serve the print media, electronic media, or other media as well as the general public in getting information.

Reporter

Journalists are people who have the task of finding, collecting, processing and writing journalistic works. Meanwhile, according to Article 1 paragraph (4), journalists are people who regularly carry out journalistic activities.

Newspaper

Newspaper is a collection of papers which contains news.

News

News is a writing made by a journalist or a writer. The news will then be broadcast by press media such as newspapers, magazines and so on. With regard to news, there are three things that must be met by press companies, including:

• Gift limit
• News eligibility
• The form of news conveyed in fact or opinion.

Press Council

Based on Article 15 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution concerning the press, a press council was formed in Indonesia as an effort to develop press freedom and improve the life of the national press. While the functions of the press are described in Article 15 paragraph (2), the functions of the press council are:

• Conduct studies with the aim of developing the life of the press
• As a setter and supervisor in the implementation of the journalistic code of ethics
• Developing communication between the press, the public, and the government
• Facilitating press organizations in drafting regulations in the press sector and improving the quality of the journalistic profession.
• As a press company registrar

Thus has been explained about Press is: Definition, Characteristics, Legal Basis, Functions, Roles and Types, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.