√ Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Discuss Completely)
Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Discuss Completely) – In this discussion we will explain about Passive Transport. Which includes the meaning, types and examples of passive transport with complete and easy-to-understand discussion. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Discuss Completely)
Let's discuss the meaning first carefully.
Definition of Passive Transport
Passive transport is a type of transport of ions, molecules and compounds that does not require energy to pass through the plasma membrane. Passive transport can occur when there is a concentration difference between two substances or solutions.
The composition and structure of the cell membrane consists of 50% fat and 50% protein, making these cell organelles semi-permeable or selectively permeable, i.e. can only be measured through water and certain substances that dissolve together making it function as a regulator of the movement of matter for transportation in and out cell.
Types of Passive Transport
The types or types of passive transport include:
Diffusion
Diffusion is a flow event or transfer of a substance in a solvent from a high concentration to a low concentration area. The difference in the concentrations of the two solutions is called the concentration gradient.
Diffusion will continue to occur until all the particles are outside evenly or reach an equilibrium condition where the movement of molecules still occurs even though there is no difference in concentration.
Examples of diffusion activities include adding sugar to plain tea, which makes the liquid sweeter the longer it takes; water vapor from the kettle diffusing in the air. The most common diffusion that occurs is molecular diffusion, this diffusion occurs when there is a transfer of a layer (layer) of molecules that are stationary from a solid or fluid.
Meanwhile, an example of diffusion carried out by living cells is the event of the entry of oxygen (O2) and the release of carbon dioxide (CO2). There are several factors that can affect the rate of diffusion, including:
- Particle size. The smaller the particle size, the faster the particle moves, making the diffusion speed higher.
- membrane thickness. The thicker the membrane, the slower or less the rate of diffusion
- The size of an area. The larger the area, the faster the diffusion speed.
- Temperature. The higher the temperature, the particles get the energy to move faster, the faster the diffusion speed.
Osmosis
Osmosis is a special event of passive transport, in which water molecules diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane. In an osmotic system, a hypertonic solution is known, which is a solution that has a high solute concentration.
A hypotonic solution is a solution with a low solute concentration; and isotonic solutions are two solutions that have the same concentration. If there are two solutions with unequal concentrations, then the water molecules pass through the membrane until the two solutions are balanced.
In the process of osmosis, in a hypertonic solution, most of the water molecules are bound (attracted) to the sugar molecules (dissolved) so that only a few water molecules are free and can pass through the membrane.
Whereas a hypotonic solution has more free water molecules (not bound to solute molecules), so more water molecules pass through the membrane. Therefore, in osmosis the net flow of water molecules is from a hypotonic to a hypertonic solution.
The process of osmosis also occurs in living cells in nature. Changes in cell shape occur when present in different solutions. If a cell is in an isotonic state, its volume will be constant. In that case, the cell will gain and lose water equally.
Many marine animals, such as starfish (Echinodermata) and crabs (Arthropoda) have cell fluids that are isotonic with their environment. If the cell is in a hypotonic solution, then the cell will get a lot of water, which can result in lysis (in animal cells) or high turgidity (in plant cells).
Vice versa, if it is in a hypertonic solution, the cell loses a lot of water molecules, makes the cell smaller and can cause death. In animals, to survive in a hypo or hypertonic environment, it is necessary to regulate water balance, namely in the process of osmoregulation.
Examples of osmosis events include seawater, which, although it has various types of solutes, water molecules will still move to a very high concentration of sugar solution.
Facilitated Diffusion (Assisted Diffusion)
Stoned diffusion or diffusion passive transport that requires the help of proteins, such as enzymes. An example of passive transport via assisted diffusion can be found in E. coli bacteria. When transferred to a medium containing lactose, the metabolism of the bacteria will decrease.
One reason is that the cell membrane cannot be passed by lactose (impermeable). But after a few minutes, lactose begins to enter due to the formation of the permease enzyme in the cells.
Permease enzymes are cell membrane proteins that create a pathway for lactose to pass through the two phospholipid layers of the cell membrane. Diffusion depending on a transport mechanism from the cell membrane such as permease is called assisted diffusion.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Passive Transport, Types and Examples (Discuss Completely), hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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