News Text: Definition, Characteristics, Elements, Structure, Terms, Language Rules, Writing Guidelines and Examples

News Text: Definition, Characteristics, Elements, Structure, Terms, Language Rules, Writing Guidelines and Examples - Is that what is meant by News Text? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss about the News Text and the things that surround it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

News Text: Definition, Characteristics, Elements, Structure, Terms, Language Rules, Writing Guidelines and Examples

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News text is a text that contains information related to something that is happening in the world or around us. News texts are used for various purposes such as radio broadcasts, articles on websites or read in television news. News texts must be made based on existing facts so that the information obtained by the public is in accordance with the facts in the field.

News text is a text that reports events, events or information about something that has happened or is happening. Delivery of this news can be done verbally which we often hear and see on television, and in writing which we can read in print media.

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Definition of News According to Experts

• According to Michael V. Charniey (Romli, 2009:5)

stated that "news is the fastest report of an event or event that is factual, important, and interesting to some readers, and concerns their interests". Willard C. Bleyer (Romli, 2009:35) news is something that is recent (new) chosen by journalists to be published in newspapers so that it attracts the interest of readers.

• William S. Maulsby (Romli, 2009:35)

News is a true and impartial narrative of facts that have important meaning important meaning and recently occurred, which can attract the attention of readers of newspapers that contain things the. Meanwhile, Eric C Hepwood (Romli, 2009:35) argues that news is the first report of important events and can attract public attention.

Characteristics of News Text

There are characteristics of good and correct news text, including:

• What is reported is something that really happened, not the opinion or idea of ​​the author
• It is an event that occurs frequently, not something that generally occurs every day
• Actual, namely events that are reported are fresh or have just happened, not past events
• The data presented is in accordance with the original events, there is no engineering
• The language presented is interesting and can captivate the reader's interest
• Complete reported data, especially important data
• A clear time and place of events
• Easy to understand language
• Be objective
• Sequential flow of events
• The sentences used are short, concise, clear
• Source is valid and can be accounted for
• News headlines can represent news content

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Elements in Making News

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  Actual elements

Contains the latest, newest, hottest, recent or happening elements. The latest understanding, can be the latest facts found from an old event, or an event that just happened.

• Factual Elements

In the factual element, events really are a reality, not a fabrication, fantasy or fiction. Facts in a news story appear and are obtained from a real incident, opinion or statement.

• Important Elements

There are two things in the news that are considered important. First, the figures involved in reporting are important figures or have capacities that have been recognized by the community.

Second, news materials concern the interests of many people and affect the condition of society.

• Interesting Elements

Generate curiosity and interest from the public to listen to the contents of the news. Events that are interesting and of interest to the public are usually entertaining, strange, have an element of closeness, contain human values, contain elements of sex, crime and conflict.

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News Elements (5W + 1H)

In the process of learning to understand a news, of course we have to understand the elements contained in a news. The news elements consist of what (what), who (who), where (where), when (when), why (why), and how (how). The following is a more complete explanation of the elements according to Inung Cahya S. (2012:17), namely:

• What

A piece of news is said to be good if it fulfills the what element, which contains statements that can answer what questions.

• Who

A story is said to be good if it fulfills the who element, which is accompanied by information about the people involved in the event.

• when

A piece of news is said to be good if it fulfills the when element, namely mentioning the time of the incident.

• where

A story is said to be good if it fulfills the where element, which contains a complete description of the scene of the incident.

• why

A story is said to be good if it fulfills the why element, which is accompanied by reasons or background of the event.

• How

A piece of news is said to be good if it fulfills the how element, that is, the process of an event and the consequences it causes can be explained.

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News Text Structure

Generally, a text has a certain structure, as well as news text. This text has 3 interconnected structures which then form this text as a whole.

• News Orientation, which contains the opening of the events reported in the text. Generally, a brief description of the news being discussed is listed.
• Events, which contain the process of events from beginning to end based on events that occurred and explained based on existing facts.
• News Source, namely where the news source appears from. News sources are not always written at the end of the news.

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News Text Terms

A text can be said as news text if it fulfills the requirements of news text. The terms of this news text basically also refer to the characteristics of the news text.

To make it clearer, let's look at the terms of this news text.

• Facts or factual, News text must contain real facts or events. If the incident that is conveyed is not a fact, then it cannot be called news.
• Actual, a news text must be an event that is still hot or new.
• Balanced, balanced means that the text should not be in favor of anyone. So, the news that is presented is balanced or balanced.
• Complete, the text in a news story must be complete from the elements of 5W1H (What, Why, Who, When, Where + how) and must fulfill the elements or structure of the news text
• Interesting, the news text needs to be presented with an interesting title so that people will be more interested in reading the news text
• Systematic, news must also be presented systematically or sequentially so that it is clear and easy to understand.

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Difference between news text and non-news text

News texts from their composition and structure are very different from non-news texts, to find out more clearly about the differences between news texts and non-news texts are as follows:

• News text.
  • Factual and actual
  • Created by journalists
  • Inverted pyramid arrangement (explain the main points at the beginning)
  • Communicative language
  • Do not include personal opinion
• Non-News Text.
  • factual
  • Made by experts in their field
  • Inductive (subject matter at the end)
  • Language according to text type
  • Include personal opinion

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Language Rules of News Text

While the linguistic rules used in the news text are as follows:

• Transitive verb

Transitive verbs are verbs that can be changed to the passive form.

Example: Officials from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs accused ships from Vietnam of having been more than 1,400 times hit Chinese ships near the site of a controversial oil-drilling rig in the China Sea South.

• Preacher verb

Heralding verbs are verbs that indicate a conversation.

Example: In a television broadcast on Iran, Deputy Foreign Minister of Iran Abbas Araqchi said that the meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, also discussed sanctions that have damaged the country's economy which is heavily dependent on oil the.

• Adverb or adverb

Adveria is a class of words that give information to other words.

• temporal conjunction

The temporal conjunction is a conjunction that relates to time.

Example: then, after, finally.

• Direct sentence

Direct speech is a sentence that is the result of a direct quote from someone's speech that is exactly the same as what he said.

• Indirect sentence

Indirect sentences are sentences that report or inform other people's words in the form of news sentences.

• language used
  • Raw and simple
  • Interesting
  • Short, solid and straightforward
  • Communicative
  • Neutral or objective

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Guidelines for Writing News Texts

The Association of Indonesian Journalists (PWI) has prepared News Writing Guidelines, the contents of which include the following.

• The news headline is placed in the first paragraph and must reflect the most important point of the news.
  The news core is no more than 45 words and preferably no more than 3 sentences.
  Things that are not so urgent should be included in the body of the news.
  The why and how elements are clarified in the body of the news, not in the main news.

Based on the guidelines that have been agreed upon by the PWI, it can be concluded that the elements of what, where, when, and who must be written on the news headline, not in the body of the news. When making a news core, a journalist is free to determine the pattern of presentation, which can be what-where-when-who, who-what-why-where-when, how-who-what-where-when, and so on.

The pattern of presenting the news core does not always have to be started by one of the 5W1H elements, it can also be started by questions, comments, quotes, exclamations, and etc.

Based on the elements that started it, news stories are divided into various types, including:

• what lead, ie what element of the news core begins;
• who leads, that is, the news core begins with whose element;
• when lead, that is, the news core begins with the element of when;
• where lead, that is, the news core begins with an element where;
• why lead, namely the news core starting with the why element;
• how lead, namely the news core starting with the how element;
• quotation lead, that is, the core of the news begins with someone's words;
• question lead, that is, the news core begins with a question;
• comment lead, that is, the news core begins with a comment; and others.

The continuation pattern can vary, depending on the journalist. What leads, for example, can be patterned as what-where-when-why, what-when-where-how, what-when-where-why, and so on. Who leads can be patterned as who-what-where-when-why, who-what-how-where-when, and others.

Because there are three kinds of elements who, who leads (whose news core) are divided into three kinds as well, namely: (1) who leads individual, namely the news core beginning with the element who (who) is one person; (2) who lead plural, that is, the news core begins with the element who (who) yang

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Sample News Text

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  Example of News Text About Floods

Pacitan Flood

The floods that have occurred since last Monday resulted in almost all access to Pacitan district being flooded. From temporary data, there are 4,000 residents who were evacuated in several places.

Floods still inundate almost all points in Pacitan, East Java. On the third day, the entrance to Pacitan was still hampered by flooding and landslides, even though in several places the water level had started to recede.

One of them in the area that is starting to recede is the Simpang Empat Penceng which is the route that connects the Trenggalek area, Solo, Ponorogo and Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the worst-hit areas, such as Sernoboyo, were still inundated by floods as high as 2 meters.

Many two-wheeled and 4-wheeled vehicles are forced to turn around. This condition resulted in paralyzed activities of residents. The Pacitan BPBD recorded no casualties while four others were still missing due to flooding and landslides in Pacitan.

• Example of News Text About Education

Portrait of Education in Remote Areas

Elementary school children in the village of Mekar Jaya, Muara Enim Regency, if after it rains they have to struggle harder in studying, they have to walk feet without using shoes in muddy and muddy conditions with a distance of up to 5 km to study at school and reach your goals they.

Apart from the damaged access road, the condition of the school is also very worrying. the lack of students in the village area coupled with the classroom buildings being in a damaged condition, forced a number of students from Public Elementary School 12 to be joined by students from other classes.

Until now, the facilities and infrastructure are very minimal, such as damaged classrooms and a library lacking books. In addition, this school only has 8 teaching staff.

According to the school, they have frequently reported the condition of their school to the Empat Lawang district education office, but until now there has been no attention at all from the local government.

• Example of News Text About Weather

Beware of Extreme Weather in the Rainy Season

The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency or BMKG Bogor city, West Java,
estimates that the peak of extreme weather will last from January to March. In addition to rainstorms, extreme weather will also have the potential for tornadoes to occur.

From the monitoring of local satellite imagery, the Bogor area is considered to be prone to being hit by a tornado because it is in the middle of the crushing mountains of Salak and Pangrango. The public is asked to be alert for symptoms of lightning flashes early in the afternoon as a sign of potential hurricanes.

To anticipate the threat of falling trees, the BBgor city parks service has begun to intensively trim tree branches along the main route,
Old large trees are also cut down due to the porous condition of their trunks.
In addition, disaster posts are also on alert to speed up the communication system

Under these conditions, unfortunately the technology currently owned by the Indonesian BMKG is unable to predict the appearance of a tornado because its diameter is less than 1 km.
Meanwhile, radar and BMKG satellite imagery are only able to detect cumulonimbus clouds above 4 km in diameter

• Example of Short News Text about Earthquakes

Indonesia Emergency Disaster, Earthquake Shakes Lombok Again

Another disaster hit one area in Indonesia. Recently there has been a major disaster in the form of an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 on the Richter scale that rocked Lombok.

Panic immediately struck Lombok residents who immediately fled to the highlands because there was information warning of a potential tsunami.

An earthquake measuring 7 on the Richter scale that shook North Lombok occurred at 18.46 Central Indonesian time.

The location of the epicenter is estimated to be at a distance of 18 km northwest of East Lombok and has a depth of 15 kilometers.

The scale of the earthquake, the news about the occurrence of a tsunami plus the total power outage suddenly made residents panic and choose to flee.

However, in order to ease the panic among residents, the BMKG withdrew the tsunami warning one hour later. This high-scale earthquake also caused sea levels to rise in several areas.

Among them are the ports of Carik, North Lombok, Bada, Sumbawa, and Lembar, West Lombok. Meanwhile, aftershocks continued to occur until this news was conveyed.

• Example of News Text About Forest Fires

Haze in Palangkaraya

The smog covering the city of Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan and its surroundings is getting thicker, with visibility only reaching 50 to 100 meters. Amid the haze, the residents continue to do their activities outdoors, the condition of the haze caused by the peatland fires is now a matter of great concern to the residents.

In addition to causing dizziness and shortness of breath, residents who drive also cannot know if there are other motorists in front of them due to limited visibility. Meanwhile, the education office of the city of Palangkaraya, 2 days ago closed student learning activities at school for the next 5 days.

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