Vertical Downward Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Example Problems
Vertical Downward Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Example Problems – On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss Vertical Downward Motion, formulas and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Vertical Downward Motion: Definition, Characteristics, Physical Quantities, Formulas and Example Problems
Downward Vertical Motion (GVB) is a form of rectilinear motion which is included in Straight Changing Motion Regular (GLBB), where the movement of objects begins with the initial velocity and the vertical trajectory of the object's movement lower.
In vertical downward motion, the longer the object's velocity will increase, resulting in an acceleration of the object. This acceleration is influenced by the force of gravity so that the value of the acceleration is equal to the value of the acceleration due to gravity (a = g).
Vertical Downward Motion must have an initial velocity, if the object does not have an initial velocity or falls by itself then the movement that occurs is Free Falling Motion (GJB). An example of downward vertical motion is when we throw a rock from a certain height.
Characteristics of Vertical Downward Motion (GVB)
- The trajectory is a vertical straight line
- Move from the highest point to the lowest point
- Has initial speed
- The longer the speed of the object increases before finally stopping on the surface
- Due to the influence of gravity, the acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity which is positive (a=g).
Physical quantity in downward vertical motion (GVB)
-
Speed (v)
Speed is a quantity in physics that shows how fast an object moves from one place to another.
The international unit for speed is meters per second (m/s). However, in Indonesia more often use units of kilometers per hour (km/hour).
Speed is obtained by multiplying the distance traveled by the time traveled. The symbol for speed is v (lowercase).
In the formula for vertical downward motion there are two speeds, namely the initial velocity (vo), which is the speed at which the object moves for the first time, and the velocity at a certain second t (vt).
Distance(s)
Distance is a quantity in physics that shows how far an object changes position in a certain path. The international unit of distance is (m).
The distance is obtained by multiplying the speed by the travel time. The distance in the downward vertical motion is the height of the object from the surface.
Travel Time (t)
Travel time is the time it takes an object to move from one position to another at a certain speed.
The symbol for the past time is t (lowercase) with the international unit second (s). The travel time is obtained by dividing the distance by the speed.
Acceleration (a)
Acceleration is a change in velocity that occurs in an object either due to the influence of a force acting on the object or because of the state of the object.
Because changes to objects in downward vertical motion are affected by the force of gravity, their acceleration is equal to the acceleration of gravity.
The value of the acceleration due to gravity that is used if it is not known in a problem is 9.81m/s² or evens out to 10m/s². The symbol for gravity is g (lowercase).
Downward Vertical Motion Formula (GVB)
Vt = V0 + g.t
h = Vo. t + ½ g. t²
Vt²= V0² + 2. g. h
Information :
- Vt: Speed at time t (m/s)
- V0: Initial speed (m/s)
- g: Acceleration of gravity (m/s2)
- h: Height (m)
- t: Time(s)
In vertical downward motion (GVB) there are a number of basic formulas that can be used to solve physics problems concerned with upward vertical motion. Those formulas are:
Initial Velocity and Final Velocity Formulas
Vertical upward motion (GVA) is the motion of objects from zero elevation (initial position) pointing upwards and will arrive at a point called the highest point. The highest point is the maximum height or greatest exodus that an object can reach.
In order to move up, the object must have an initial velocity, so that the value of the initial velocity of the object is not equal to zero. The initial velocity in the upward vertical motion will affect the maximum elevation that can be reached by the object. The greater the initial velocity, the greater the maximum elevation.
Pay attention to the picture above. Suppose an object is moving vertically upwards with an initial velocity v0. When landing at a certain point its speed decreases to vt due to the influence of the acceleration due to gravity. The object's speed will continue to decrease until finally its speed becomes zero, which is at its highest point.
The velocity at this highest point is called the final acceleration of the object moving vertically upwards.
v = 0
Information:
v0 = initial velocity of the object (m/s)
v = object's final velocity (m/s)
Object Acceleration Formula
As in the two types of vertical motion discussed earlier, namely GJB and GVB, in upward vertical motion (GVA), the acceleration felt by an object is also the acceleration of gravity. However, because the direction of the object's upward motion is against the direction of Earth's gravity, the acceleration due to Earth's gravity acts as a deceleration.
Deceleration is acceleration which has a negative value to the extent that the following negative acceleration causes the object's speed to decrease. The figure above indicates that the value of the acceleration of the object's motion is equal to the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity, which is negative.
a = -g
Information:
g = 9.8 m/s2 or 10 m/s2
If in the problem the value of g is not known, then we use the value of 10 m/s2 as the value of the acceleration due to gravity in free fall or other types of vertical motion.
Displacement Formulas and Height of Objects
In vertical motion, elevation (h) is measured from the ground or floor leading to the object's position at a certain elevation. Look at the picture above, in the vertical upward motion, the exodus (s) of the object is measured from the initial position of the object (on the floor) towards the position of the object at a certain elevation.
So in vertical upward motion, the object's exodus is equal to its height. That's why, the exodus in vertical motion is symbolized by h. By substituting equations 4 and 6 into equation 2, the exodus or elevation of an object in vertical upward motion can be calculated using the formula:
s |
= |
s0 + v0t ± ½ at2 |
h |
= |
0 + v0t − ½ gt2 |
h |
= |
v0t − ½ g.t2 |
Information :
h = displacement or height (m)
v0 = initial speed (m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
t = time (s)
Velocity Formula After t Seconds
Because the direction of motion is against the direction of gravity, the object feels a slowdown or a negative acceleration value. If the initial velocity of the object is v0 and the velocity of the object in t seconds is vt, then by substituting equation 6 into equation 1, the formula for the object's velocity after t seconds in GVA is as follows:
vt |
= |
v0 ± at |
vt |
= |
v0 − gt |
Meanwhile, if you substitute equations 4 and 5 into equation 3, you will get the velocity formula after t seconds as follows:
vt2 |
= |
v02 ± 2as |
vt2 |
= |
v02 − 2gh |
Information:
vt = speed of object after t seconds (m/s)
v0 = initial speed (m/s)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
t = time (s)
h = object displacement (m)
Problems example
Problem 1
Ayu throws a ball from a multi-storey building with an initial speed of 40 m/s, the ball reaches the ground in 4 seconds. What is the speed when the ball hits the ground???
Discussion :
Is known :
vo = 40 m/s
t = 4 s
Asked: Vt…. ?
Answer :
vt = vo + g.t
vt = 40 m/s + (10)(4)
vt = 80m/s
Problem 2
A child throws a stone into a well with an initial speed of 5 m/s and it hits the surface of the water after 2 seconds. Calculate the depth of the well?
Discussion :
So the depth of the well is 30 meters.
Problem 3
A small box is thrown from a building with a height of 80 meters and an initial speed of 10 m/s. How long does it take the box to reach the ground?
Discussion :
Vt2 = V02 + 2. g. h
Vt2 = 102 + 2. 10. 80
Vt2 = 100 + 1600
Vt2 = 1700 m/s
Enter a V valuet to the following equation:
Vt = V0 + g.t
41 = 10 + 10.t
10t = 31
t = 3.1 seconds
So the time it takes the box to reach the ground is 2.1 seconds.
Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Downward Vertical Move, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.
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