√ Understanding Semantics According to Experts, Complete Elements & Types
Understanding Semantics According to Experts, Complete Elements & Types – In this discussion we will explain about Semantics. Which includes the meaning, elements, types of semantics with complete discussion and easy to understand.
Understanding Semantics According to Experts, Complete Elements & Types
For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Definition of Semantics
Semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies the meanings contained in a language, code or other types of representation.
In other words, semantics is the study of meaning. Semantics is often associated with two other aspects, namely syntax, namely the formation of complex symbols from simpler symbols, and pragmatics, namely the community's practical use of symbols in context certain.
Another definition of semantics is the study of meaning used to understand human expression through language. Other forms of semantics include programming languages, formal logic and semiotics.
Understanding Semantics According to Experts
From the general understanding above, we also include several semantic notions put forward by experts. Here are the details.
1. Lyons (1968:400)
The term semantics is of relatively origin, being coined in the late 19th century from a Greek verb meaning to signify. That is, semantics is a term of relatively recent origin, coined in the late nineteenth century from a Greek verb meaning to signify")
2. Palmers (1981:1)
The definition of semantics according to Palmer is that semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning, and since meaning is part of language, semantics is linguistics. This means that semantics is a term that refers to a study of meaning, and because meaning is part of language, semantics is part of linguistics.
3. Kridalaksana (2001:1993)
The meaning of semantics according to Kridalaksana is part of the structure of language that is related to the meaning of expressions and to the structure of the meaning of a speech.
4. KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)
The definition of semantics according to KBBI is the meaning, intent of the speaker and writer, or the understanding given to a form of discussion.
5. Kreidler (1998:3)
Understanding Semantics according to Kreidler is Semantics is the systematic study of meaning, and linguistic semantics is the study of how languages organize and express meanings. This means that semantics is the systematic study of meaning, and linguistic semantics is the study of how language organizes and expresses meaning.
6. Tarigan (1985:7)
According to Tarigan, semantics is the study of symbols or signs that express meaning, the relationship between meanings and their influence on humans and society.
7. Griffiths (2006:1)
Understanding Semantics according to Griffiths is Semantics is the study of the "toolkit" for meaning: knowledge encoded in the vocabulary of the language and in its patterns for building more elaborate meanings, up to the level of sentences meanings. This means that semantics is the study of food: the knowledge of codes in the vocabulary of languages and patterns for constructing more complex meanings, down to the level of sentence meaning.
8. Chaer (1994:60)
Understanding Semantics according to Chaer, in the semantics discussed is the relationship between words and concepts or the meaning of the word, as well as objects or things referred to by that meaning that are outside Language.
Semantic Elements
In semantics, there are elements, namely:
Signs and Symbols (Symbols)
Signs and symbols (symbols) are two elements that exist in language. Signs are developed into a theory called semiotics. Semiotics has three aspects related to linguistics, namely syntactic aspects, pragmatic aspects, and semantic aspects.
Lexical Meaning and Referential Relations
The lexical element is the smallest unit in the meaning system of a linguistics and its existence can be distinguished from other smallest units.
Lexical meaning can be in the form of categorematical and syscategorematical, namely whole words and implections, scientific groups with structural meanings that must be interpreted in units of construction. While the referential relationship is the relationship that exists between a word and the outside world of the language referred to by the speaker.
Naming
Naming is the process of finding language symbols to describe objects, concepts, processes and so on. Often by using existing vocabulary, such as by changing possible meanings or by imaging words or groups of words.
Semantic Types
Types or types of semantics include:
Conceptual Semantics
Conceptual semantics, namely denotative meaning or cognitive meaning which is a central factor in language communication. This is because there is a conceptual meaning that has a very complex and intricate structure.
Grammatical Semantics
Grammatical semantics or grammatical meaning is the same as affixation, reduplication, composition, or calmatization. An example of grammatical semantics or grammatical meaning is the process of fixing the prefix "ber" with "clothes" the grammatical meaning obtained is "wearing clothes".
Referential Semantics
Referential or referential semantics is the meaning in a lexeme based on the reference or reference. Words that have referential meanings have references in the world around them. Examples of referential meanings are the words chicken, red and so on.
Term Semantics
The semantics of the term is a definite meaning, clear, not doubted even though the context of the sentence. Therefore, terms are said to be context-free, while words are not context-free. But it must be remembered that the term can only be used in certain scientific fields or activities.
Proverb Semantics
The semantics of a proverb is a meaning that can still be traced or traced from the meaning of its elements because there is an "association" between the original meaning and the meaning of the proverb.
Associative Semantics
Associative semantics is a meaning that has a lexeme or word related to the existence of a word relationship with something that exists outside the language. Examples of associative meanings are the word red associated with courage, the word "black" associated with crime.
Denotative Semantics
The denotative meaning is the original meaning, or the meaning that actually has a lexeme. So that the denotative meaning is the same as the lexical meaning.
Non Referential Meaning
Non-referential meaning is meaning that has no reference or reference. The words and because, so, are not included in words that have a referential meaning because they do not have a reference.
Narrow Meaning
The narrow meaning is the narrower meaning of all utterances. The broad meaning can be narrowed or a word that has a broad (generic) meaning can have a narrow (specific) meaning because it is limited.
Broad Meaning
The broad meaning (widened meaning or extended meaning) is the deep meaning in a word that is wider than expected.
The broad meaning is the meaning of the utterance that is wider than the central meaning. An example of a broad meaning is the meaning of school in the sentence "he goes to school again at school" which is broader than the meaning of "the building where he studies".
Word Meaning
The definition of the meaning of a word is a clearer meaning that exists by a word if the word is already in the context of the sentence or the context of the situation.
Connotitative Meaning
The connotative meaning is another meaning that is added to the denotative meaning in a lexeme.
Idiomatic Meaning
The meaning of an idiom is a unit of speech whose meaning cannot be "predicted" from its elements, either lexically or grammatically.
Classical Meaning
The figurative meaning is the opposition of the real meaning. All forms of language, whether words, phrases or sentences that do not refer to the true meaning, whether it is lexical meaning, conceptual meaning or denotative meaning, are said to have figurative meanings. Examples of figurative meanings are princess malam which means the moon and king noon means the sun.
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