√ 22 Kingdom Names in Indonesia and Their Complete History

22 Kingdom Names in Indonesia and Their Complete History - We now live in a modern era with an independent country. Did you know that long before Indonesia experienced independence, there were many kingdoms in our homeland. These kingdoms became a story and became the birthplace of Indonesian independence. For this reason, as good citizens, there is nothing wrong if we respect them by knowing what kingdoms existed in Indonesia at that time.

22 Kingdom Names in Indonesia and Their Complete History

Let's discuss starting from the oldest kingdom first.

1. Kutai Kingdom

Kutai Kingdom is the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia. This kingdom was founded in 400 AD, on the banks of the Mahakam River, East Kalimantan.
The reigning kings are:

• Kudungga (first king).
• Aswawarman.
• Mulawarman.

2. Tarumanagara Kingdom

The Tarumanegara Kingdom is a Hindu kingdom, founded in 450 AD in West Java. The reigning king is Purnawarman.

3. Kali Kingdom

The Kingdom of Kaling was founded in 674 in Central Java. The ruling king is Queen Sima. He wanted his people to really be honest people. The famous pastor is Jhanabhadra.

4. Sriwijaya Kingdom

The Sriwijaya Kingdom was founded in the 7th century in Sumatra (Buddhist Kingdom). The famous Buddhist teacher is Sakyakirti. The reigning kings are:

• Sri Jayanaga.
• Balaputradewa
• Sri Sangrawijayatunggawarman.

The reasons for the collapse of the Srivijaya Empire, among others:

• Attack of King Colamandala of India.
• King Kertanegara attack from Singasari.

5. Malay Empire

The Malay kingdom existed almost simultaneously with the Sriwijaya kingdom, but in 692 this kingdom was controlled by Sriwijaya.

6. Hindu Mataram Kingdom

The Hindu Mataram kingdom was established in Central Java with the capital Medang Kamulan. The reigning kings are:

• Sanna.
• Sanjaya, with the title Rakai Mataram Ratu Sanjaya.
• Rakai Panangkaran, with the title Syailendra Sri Maharaja Dyah Pancapana Rakai Panangkarana.

After the reign of Rakai Panangkaran, Mataram split into two. Some embraced Buddhism, some embraced Hinduism. Buddhist Syailendra rule in South Central Java, Hindu Syailendra rule around the Dieng mountains. During the reign of Rakai Pikatan, Mataram was reunited.

The next kings are:

• Rakai Pikatan.
• Balitung, with the title Rakai Watukura.
• Daksa.
• Tulodong.
• Wow.
• Master Spoon.

7. Isyana dynasty kingdom

Empu Spoon moved the center of Syailendra's government to East Java in 929, then formed a new dynasty, namely Isyana dynasty. The reigning kings are:

• Master of Spoons has the title Maharaja Rake Hino Sri Isyana Wikramadharmotunggadewa.
• Sri Isyanatunggawijaya.
• Makutawangsawardhana.
• Dharmawangsa, with the title Sri Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramatunggadewa.
• Airlangga, with the title Sri Maharaja Rake Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramatunggadewa.

In 1401 the Kahuripan Kingdom was divided into 2 (the distribution task was left to Empu Bharada), namely:

• Jenggala or Singasari, with its capital in Kahuripan.
• Panjalu or Kediri, with the capital in Daha.

8. Kingdom of Kediri

The Kingdom of Jenggala was ruled by King Mapanji Garasakan. The Kingdom of Kediri was ruled by King Sri Samarawijaya. The power struggle between Jenggala and Kediri lasted until 1502. Furthermore, for about half a century the two kingdoms were not mentioned again in history.

In 1117 this kingdom appeared again with its king:

• Sri Maharaja Rakai Sirikan Sri Kameswara.
• Jayabhaya, with the title Sri Maharaja Sang Mapanji Jayabhaya.

Currently, the book of Bharatayudha was composed by Empu Sedah and continued by Empu Panuluh (Empu Sedah died before the book was finished). Empu Panuluh also wrote the books Hariwangsa and Gatutkacasraya.

• Sri Aryeswara.
• Kameswara, with the title Sri Maharaja Sri Kameswara Triwikramawarata.

The famous poets at that time were:

• Empu Tanakung, with his works Werasancaya and Lubdaka.
• Empu Darmaja, with his work Smaradhahana.

The kingdom of Kediri ended its history in 1222, because it was conquered by Ken Arok.

9. Balinese Kingdom

Kings Warmadewa dynasty. One of the famous dynasties to rule in Bali is the Warmadewa dynasty.
The famous kings are:

• Sri Candrabhayasingka Warmadewa.
• Udayana, with the title Dharmoyana Warmadewa.

Udayana had 3 sons, namely: first Airlangga, who became the son-in-law of King Dharmawangsa and later became king in Kahuripan (Isyana dynasty). Second, Marataka, who replaced Udayana (but is not famous). Third, Anak Wungsu, who replaced the Marataka throne, in 1049.

From Anak Wungsu's reign, 28 brief inscriptions were left behind, which were found in Gajah Cave, Mount Kawi (Tampak Siring), Mount Panulisan, and Sangit.

Other kings of Bali

After the reign of the Warmadewa dynasty, Bali Island was ruled by successive kings, famous among them:

• Jayasakti, has a law book namely Uttara Widhi Balawan and Rajawacana (1133 – 1150).
• Jayapangus, using the book of Laws Manawasasanadharma (1117 – 1181).

In 1284 the Kingdom of Bali was conquered by Kertanegara from Singasari.

10. Singapore Kingdom

The history and reign of Ken Arok and the Singasari kings are contained in the book Pararaton and Negarakertagama.
The reigning kings are:

• Ken Arok, after killing Akuwu Tumapel and Tunggul Ametung, conquered the Kingdom of Kediri in 1222 at Ganter. Ken Arok as the founder and first king in Singasari had the title Sri Ranggah Rajasa Sang Amurwabhumi, then his descendants were known as the Rajasa dynasty.
• Anusapati (son of Tunggul Ametung - Ken Dedes) after killing Ken Arok (his stepfather), by ordering a slave (slave).
  Tohjaya (son of Ken Arok and Ken Umang), after killing Anusapati. In 1248 there was a rebellion launched by Ranggawuni (son of Anusapati) and Mahisa Campaka (son of Mahisa Wonga Teleng or grandson of Ken Arok – Ken Dedes).
• Ranggawuni title of Sri Jaya Wisnuwardhana 1248 – 1268. Wisnuwardhana rules Singasari together with Mahisa Campaka as Queen Anggabhaya, a high-ranking official in charge of tackling the dangers that threaten the kingdom, her title is Narasinghamurti.
• Kertanegara Titled Sri Maharajadhiraja Sri Kertanegara (1269 – 1292), he was the greatest King of Singasari. In 1275 he sent the Pamalayu expedition. The areas he conquered included Bali, Pahang, Sunda, Bakulapura (Southwest Kalimantan) and Gurun (Maluku) and held friendly relations with Jaya-singhawarman Raja Campa. In 1292 was conquered by Jayakatwang from Kediri.

11. Majapahit kingdom

Kertarajasa Jayawardhana (1292 – 1309)

Founded by Raden Wijaya (son of Lembu Tai or grandson of Mahisa Campaka) in 1292 after deceiving the army of Kublai Khan from China who intended to punish the King of Java who had insulted his envoy, namely Meng Ki during the reign of Kertanegara in Singasari.

Because Kertanegara had been destroyed by Jayakatwang from Kediri, Kublai Khan's army destroyed Kediri, which later on Raden Wijaya's strategy assisted by Arya Wiraraja, the Chinese army could be destroyed by Raden Wijaya. Finally Raden Wijaya became the first Majapahit King with the title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.

Raden Wijaya married 4 daughters Kertanegara, that is:

• Tribhuwana as queen consort.
• Gayatri, who later passed down the kings of Majapahit.
• Narendraduhita.
• Prajnaparamita.

In 1309 King Kertarajasa died, leaving 3 sons:

• Jayanegara (from the empress).
• Sri Gitarja (from Gayatri) later became Bhre Kahuripan.
• Dyah Wiyat (from Gayatri) later became Bhre Daha.

Sri Jayanegara (1309 – 1328)

Jayanegara replaced his father with the title Sri Jayanegara. An uprising arose:

• Ranggalawe rebellion from Tuban.
• The Sora Rebellion in 1311.
• Nambi Rebellion in 1316,
• In the Kuti rebellion in 1319, the Majapahit capital was successfully occupied and King Jayanegara fled to Bedander Village escorted by 15 loyal bodyguards (Bhayangkari troops) under the leadership of Gajah Mada. Thanks to Gajah Mada's efforts, the capital was recaptured, and Sri Jayanegara was once again on the throne. For his services Gajah Mada was appointed Patih Kahuripan and then Kediri.

During his reign, King Jayanegara used the Minadwaya symbol (two fish).

Tribhuwana (1328 – 1350)

Jayanegara died leaving no sons. Then Gayatri or Rajapatni has the right to be king. Because Gayatri had become a nun (Buddhist priest), she was represented by Sri Gitarja, Bhre Kahuripan, who had the title Tribhuwanatunggadewi Jayawisnuwardhana.

The Sadeng Rebellion arose, which was able to be put down by Gajah Mada, because of his services in 1331 Gajah Mada was appointed prime minister, who at the time of his inauguration uttered the Palapa Oath.

In 1350 Gayatri or Rajapatni died, Tribhuwana who represented him handed over his power to his son, Hayam Wuruk.

Rajasanegara (1350 – 1389)

Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne at the age of 16, with the title Rajasanegara, was the greatest king in the history of Majapahit with Gajah Mada as Mahapatih.

His power covers the entire Archipelago, even adding Tumasik (Singapore) and the Malay Peninsula.

Famous literary works include:

• Negarakertagama by Empu Prapanca.
• Sutasoma or Purusadashanta and Arjunawijaya by Empu Tantular.

In 1364 Gajah Mada died, his position was replaced by 4 ministers. In 1389 Hayam Wuruk died.

Wikramawardhana (1389 – 1429)

King Hayam Wuruk and his consort only had one daughter, namely Kusumawardhani, who later ruled with her husband, Wikramawardhana, who was still his cousin. Bhre Wirabumi, the son of a concubine who was given the power to govern the Blambangan area, was dissatisfied and felt that he had more right to the throne of Majapahit. In 1401 – 1406 a civil war arose between Bhre Wirabumi and Wikramawardhana, Bhre Wirabumi died (Paregreg War). In 1429 Wikramawardhana died, Majapahit had become a small kingdom as a result of its regions breaking away one by one.

In 1478 Bhatara Prabu Girindrawardhana the king of Daha seized Majapahit from King Kertabumi (the last King of Majapahit).

12. Pasai Ocean Kingdom

Samudra pasai is the first archipelago Islamic kingdom. Located in North Aceh (now included in Lhosumawe district) stood in the 13th century.
The kings are

• Sultan Malik al saleh, year 635 Hijri or 1297 AD
• Sultan Muhammad has the title Sultan Malik al Tahir

13. Demak Kingdom

Raden Patah (± 1500 – 1518)

In early 1500 a Regent of Demak who converted to Islam, namely Raden Patah broke away from Majapahit. Assisted by the clergy, Raden Patah established the Kingdom of Demak. Furthermore, Demak developed into the center of Islamic development. In 1511 the relationship between Demak and Malacca was cut off because Malacca was controlled by the Portuguese. In 1513 the Demak fleet under the leadership of Unus attacked Malacca but failed

Pati Unus (1518 – 1521)

Patu Unus is known as Prince of Sabrang Lor, only three years as King.

Sultan Trenggana (1521-1546)

Sultan Trenggana is the son-in-law of Pati Unus. In 1522 entrusted a cleric from Pasai (Falettehan) to lead the Demak fleet to seize Banten, Sunda Kelapa and Cirebon from Pajajaran.

In 1546 Sultan Trenggana died in his attempt to conquer Pasuruan. After that a power struggle arose between Sunan Prawata (Sultan Trenggana's eldest son) and Prince Sekar (Sultan Trenggana's younger brother). Sunan Prawata ascended the throne after killing Prince Sekar, not long after that Sunan Prawata was killed by Arya Penangsang (son of Prince Sekar),

14. Pajang Kingdom

Jaka Tingkir (Sultan Trenggana's son-in-law), succeeded in destroying Arya Penangsang with the help of Kyai Ageng Pemanahan. Jaka Tingkir ascended the throne with the title Adiwijaya and moved the center of the Demak Kingdom to Pajang.

The Kingdom of Pajang did not last long. After Sultan Adiwijaya died, there was a power struggle. Arya Pangiri (son of Sunan Prawata) tried to seize it, but was thwarted by Prince Benawa (son of Sultan Adiwijaya) assisted by Sutawijaya (son of Kyai Ageng Pemanahan). Prince Benawa felt unable to replace his father, so he handed over power to Sutawijaya, who then moved the center of government to Mataram.

15. Islamic Mataram Kingdom

Sutawijaya is better known as Pahembahan Senapati. Panembahan Senapati died in 1601.

16. Kingdom of Banten

After Faletehan took Banten. Sunda Kelapa, and Cirebon, then he is the one who controls it. Because there was a struggle for power in Demak, in 1522 Fafetehan handed over Banten to his son Hasanuddin as the first king of Banten and Faletehan focused his attention on Islam in Gunung Jati, Cirebon.

The other kings are:

• Prince Joseph (1570).
• Maulana Muhammad (only 9 years old), in 1596 died in his attempt to attack Palembang.
• Abdulmufakir (only 5 years old), the government is controlled by Mangkubumi Jayanegara.

17. Kingdom of Malacca

The Malacca Kingdom was not located in the archipelago.
The other kings are:

• Paramisora, a flight from Majapahit, who had converted to Islam was renamed Sultan Iskandar Syah.
• Sultan Mansyur Syah.
• Sultan Mahmud Shah.

In 1511, Malacca fell to the Portuguese.

18. Kingdom of Aceh

At the beginning of the 16th century it was still a small kingdom, under | power of the Pedir Kingdom.
The kings are:

• Sultan Ibrahim, Aceh broke away from the Pedir Kingdom. Aceh is progressing because Malacca is controlled by the Portuguese, so Muslim traders from Arabia and Gujarat divert their trade to Aceh.
• Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607 -1639). During his reign, Aceh reached the peak of its glory.

19. Kingdom of Ternate

Founded around the 13th century 14th century Ternate became an Islamic empire Sultan Babullah Ternate reach the pinnacle of success. In 1575 Sultan Baabullah expelled the Portuguese from Maluku. Baabullah has the title of lord over 72 islands, extending his territory to the Philippines.

20. Tidore Kingdom

Is an Islamic kingdom in Maluku. Had been pitted against each other by the Portuguese and Spaniards, to clash with Kerman Ternate, but turned back and even jointly expelled the Portuguese from Maluku. The famous king is Sultan Nuku, who persistently fought to expel the Dutch. Its territory covers Halmahera, Seram, Kai, to Papua.

21. Makassar Kingdom

In the 16th century in South Sulawesi there were two kingdoms. namely Goa and Tailo. The two kingdoms are united by name Goa-Tailo or Makasar with the capital Sombaopu, as the first Islamic kingdom in Sulawesi.
The kings are:

• King of Goa Daeng Manribia with the title Sultan Alaudin.
• Mangkubunnya is the king of Tailo Karaeng Matoaya with the title Sultan Abdullah.
• Sultan Hassanudin. his reign reached the peak of glory.

22. Banjar Kingdom

With the help of the Kingdom of Demak, the 16th century Kingdom of Banjar in South Kalimantan conquered Daha (a kingdom in the interior of Borneo). Banjar is an Islamic kingdom, with its king Raden Samudra who has converted to Islam renamed Sultan Suryanullah.

So those are the names of the kingdoms in Indonesia that we can learn in the article 22 Kingdom Names in Indonesia and Their Complete History. Hopefully this article is useful for all of us, thank you for listening to this material to the end.