Definition of Debate, Elements, Purpose, Characteristics, Types, Procedures, Structure and Ethics

Definition of Debate, Elements, Purpose, Characteristics, Types, Procedures, Structure and Ethics – In this discussion we will explain about the Debate. An explanation that includes the definition of debate, its supporting elements, objectives, characteristics, types or types of debate, debate procedures and complete debate structure.

Definition of Debate, Elements, Purpose, Characteristics, Types, Procedures, Structure and Ethics

Let's first discuss the meaning of debate in full

Definition of Debate

Debate is an act of arguing between two or more parties who are individuals or groups when discussing and deciding issues and differences.

In addition to the general understanding above, there is also a definition of debate according to experts, namely:

• According to KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary)
  Debate is a discussion or exchange of opinions on a matter by giving each other reasons to defend each other's opinions.
• Asidi Dipodjojo
  Debate is a process of communication that is carried out orally which is expressed in language to defend ideas or opinions.
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• J. S. Kamdhi
  Debate is an activity of discussion or exchange of opinions on a subject in which each participant gives reasons to defend his opinion.
• P Dori Wuwur Hendrikus
  Debate is an activity of mutual argumentation between individuals or groups with the aim of achieving victory for one party.

• According to G. Sukadi
  Debate is an exchange of arguments between individuals or between groups of people with the aim of achieving victory.

• According to Hendri Guntur Tarigan
  Debate is an exchange of arguments between individuals or between groups of people with the aim of achieving one side's victory.

Elements of Debate

There are several elements that must be present in the debate, including the following:

• Motions are matters or topics being debated that contain things that are conventional. Here there are pros and cons, motions are very important in the debate.
• The Affirmative Team, also known as the pro, is a team that agrees on the matter being debated (motion)
• The Negative or Opposition Team, also known as the contra, is a team that disagrees or opposes the motion being debated. This team usually consists of 3 people.
• The Neutral Team is a team that provides both sides, either supporting or disputing the topic being debated.
• Moderator is someone who leads and helps the course of a debate. His duties include reading the rules of the debate, introducing the parties involved and conveying the motions being discussed.
• The author is the person who writes the summary of the debate.

Debate Goals

The debate has several objectives, including:

• Mental training or courage to express opinions in public.
• Train to break the opinion of the opponent debate.
• Improve the ability to respond to a problem.
• To train to be critical of all the material being debated.
• Strengthen understanding of the concept of the material being debated.

Debate Features

The characteristics of the debate are as follows:

• It has two points of view, namely affirmative or also known as those who agree on the topic of debate and negative or also known as those who do not agree on the topic of debate.
• There is a process of mutually defending opinions between the two parties.
• There are mutually complaining arguments aimed at obtaining victory.
• Debate results are obtained through voting and jury decisions.
• There is a question and answer session which is limited in nature and aims to bring down the opponent.
• There is a party that acts as an intermediary which is carried out by the moderator.

Types of Debate

Based on the form, method and purpose of the debate, the debate is divided into 3 types, namely:

• Parliamentary/Assembly Debate (Assembly or Parliamentary Debating)
  The intent and purpose of this type of debate is to give or increase support for a particular law, and all members of that wish to express their views and opinions will state support or oppose the proposal after obtaining permission from assembly.
• Debate Re-examination to find out the truth of the previous examination (cross-examination debating)
  The intent and purpose of this debate is to ask a series of interrelated questions that will getting the individuals questioned to support a position that will be defended and strengthened by si questioner.
• Formal Debate, Conventional or Educational Debate (Formal, Conventional, or Educational Debating)
  This is a type of debate where the aim is to allow two teams of speakers to present the audience with some arguments for or against the suggestion. Each side has equal time for speakers and constructive rebuttals. Competitive debates in the field of education are different from real parliamentary debates, competitive debates aim to make decisions which is more directed at developing skills among debate participants, here skills are like expressing opinions in a different way reasonable, clear and structured, listening for dissent and usually knowledge of a foreign language (if the debate is conducted in foreign language)

Debate Procedures

The following is the procedure for a good debate:

• Questions or challenges should be presented in a professional manner, not insulting the opponent, not belittling the opponent, or making comments that attack the person personally are unacceptable.
• Critical analysis, synthesis, rhetorical skills (ability to perceive and understand) or not stammering.
• Focus on the opponent's position or the opponent's argument. Must know the opponent's weaknesses and strengths which are important in logical fallacy strategy and use them effectively in refuting the opponent's arguments.
• The limitation of expressing the argument is three points.
• Use logic in composing and when presenting arguments or statements.
• Recognize common mistakes in thinking such as logical fallacies and use them effectively in refuting opponent's arguments.
• Present content or material accurately. Always use context (data or facts) that are related and support a view.
• Verify the validity of all external evidence presented in the argument.
• The conclusion in the debate is the final conclusion. Use it as an opportunity to deny or corner your opponent.

Debate Structure

Here is a good debate structure:

• Introduction
  In this structure, each team (both the affirmation team, the opposition team and the neutral team) introduces themselves.
• Submission of Arguments
  In submitting this argument, each team presented arguments on the topic starting from the affirmation team, then the opposition team and ending with the neutral team.
• Debate
  In the debate, each team comments on every argument from the other team.
• Conclusion
  At the conclusion, each team gave a closing statement on the topic statement according to its position.

Debate Ethics

There are several ethical principles that need to be considered in the debate, including:

Seriously ask

When inviting your opponent to debate, you have to be serious, compare your presentation with the data collected.

Not Offending the Debate Opponents

It is not permissible to offend the debating opponent about physical deficiencies in the debate, the condition that takes precedence is the battle of ideas.

Talking According to Data and Facts

To break your opponent's argument in a debate, you have to pit his argument against data and facts.

Follow the Debate Rules

When debating with business people, schoolmates, or other people, follow the rules of the debate.

Language Rules of Debate Text

• Following are some of the linguistic rules in the debate text, including:
• When using complex sentences, debate texts usually use sentences that have more than one structure and more than one verb (compound sentences).
• When using conjunctions, debate texts often use conjunctions to connect words or sentences.
• When using word references, in debate texts the word is usually used as a source of information such as this, that, he, he, here, there, and so on.

Debate Implementation Steps

There are several important steps in conducting a debate, which are as follows:

Understand motion well

The motion is the main topic to be debated. Because it is necessary to understand the motion more carefully and observant.

This is to avoid misinterpretation of the motion.

Discuss with experts

Still related to understanding motion and how to explore knowledge, you can have discussions with experts.

This expert can be a teacher, lecturer or practitioner who is involved in debating requests. Thanks to this, you will gain a broader perspective and deepen your knowledge.

Critical in analyzing

After getting great input and knowledge armed with literacy studies, cases and discussions with experts. So you also have to analyze it critically.

The purpose of this analysis is to present the data obtained and form it into an opinion that will be presented during the debate.

Coordination with the team

In a debate with a group system, you are not sufficiently equipped with personal knowledge and data. But you can also strategically collaborate with other team members. Because you also need to coordinate teamwork and align the perception of movement, and divide roles according to skills and continue to practice actively.

Verbal practice

After the debate material is ready, don't forget to prepare things related to the material.

Some things to pay attention to are the choice of words, attitude, intonation, expressions, gimmicks.

The main key is to master the material and be confident. Then you can train hard by involving other team members for assessment and evaluation.

Techniques for winning debates

The following are techniques for winning debates:

Defense technique

Basically, the technique of defending this proposal can be done through:

• Affirmation technique
  Affirmation of one of the items contained therein are repetition tactics, influencing, togetherness, compromise, yes, and agreement.
• Defense technique
  For this defense tactic, which includes the tactics of avoiding, delaying, raising, thanking, describing, explaining and letting.

The technique of contradicting proposals

• Attacking techniques, including interrogation, provocation, anticipation, surprise, hugs, exaggeration, and interruption tactics.
• Reject technique, contains criticism and contradictory tactics.

Debate Example

The following is an example of a debate:

Affirmative

In my opinion, today's juvenile delinquency is due to a lack of parental attention. So if we are to take juvenile delinquency seriously, we must focus on increasing the amount of time parents and children interact, for example limiting their interactions outside the home.

Opposition

I do not agree that the main cause of juvenile delinquency is the low feelings of parents. This is indeed one of the causes, but we cannot ignore other factors such as inappropriate associations. Therefore, banning the reaction outside the home environment will not produce optimal results.

Thus the explanation about Definition of Debate, Elements, Purpose, Characteristics, Types, Procedures, Structure and Ethics, I hope this can add to your insight and knowledge about debate. And can practice it at school or in official forums. Thank you for visiting.