Meristem Network Functions, Definition, Types, Characteristics, Types & Locations
Meristem Network Functions, Definition, Types, Characteristics, Types & Locations – In this discussion we will explain about meristem networks. An explanation that includes the definition of meristem tissue, the function of meristem tissue, the characteristics of meristem tissue, the types and locations of meristem tissue which are discussed in full and easy to understand. For more details, please see the review below carefully.
Meristem Network Functions, Definition, Types, Characteristics, Types & Locations
Let's discuss the definition of meristem networks first carefully.
Definition of Meristem Network
Meristem is a tissue found in plants, a collection of stem cells that are active in cell division. Another definition of meristem tissue is a tissue in plants that is actively dividing and not undergoing differentiation.
Meristem tissue-forming cells are small in size, have a thin cell wall, have a large nucleus, and contain many cytoplasm, do not have spaces between cells, do not have vacuoles or have vacuoles that are very small in size, and have totipotential tall one. property. Meristem cells are round, oval, cuboidal or prismatic.
Based on its etymology, meristem comes from the Greek "meristes" which means split. This tissue is also called young tissue because it is composed of undifferentiated or undifferentiated embryonic cells. Thus, meristem tissue is a tissue with embryonic constituent cells, namely cells that are always actively dividing to increase their number.
Various Meristem Networks
Meristem tissue is a network that continues to divide. Based on its origin, meristem tissue is grouped into 2, namely primary meristem and secondary meristem.
Primary meristem tissue
The primary meristem is the next development of the embryonic growth. Examples of primitive meristems are stem tips and root tips.
According to Hanstein, the main meristem is located at the roots and ends of plant stems and is divided into three areas, namely:
- Dermatogen that will develop into the epidermis
- The periblem will develop into the cortex
- The pleron will develop into a stele
Meristem at the end of the stem according to Schmidt is divided into two parts, namely:
- Corpus
This section is the middle part of the growing point, with a large area and a relatively large number of cells. The cells in this part of the corpus will divide irregularly.
- Tunica
This section is the outermost part of the growing point. The tunica consists of one or several layers of cells, with cells that are relatively small and undergo side division.
Secondary meristem tissue
Secondary meristem tissue is meristem tissue derived from mature tissue and then turns into meristematic. Secondary meristem cells are flat or prismatic, with a vacuole in the center.
For example cork cambium and cambium. Gambia is found in the stems and roots of dicots and gymnosperms, as well as certain plants of the monocot group (agave, aloe, yucca, and Asteraceae). Cork cambium is found in the bark of plant stems, which can form cork tissue that is difficult for water to pass through.
Cambium can be divided into two types, namely:
- Vascular cambium
Vascular cambium is the cambium present in the carrier bundles between the phloem and xylem.
- Intervascular Cambium
The intervascular cambium is the cambium that lies between the transport bundles. The union between the vascular cambium and intervasicular cambium forms the cambium circle or vascular circle.
At the primary apical meristem, one can differentiate between the promeristem and the meristematic areas below which cells have differentiated to some degree. The promeristem consists of the starter apex and its progenitor cells which are still close to the bud.
The partially differentiated underlying meristematic area consists of:
- The protoderm which gives rise to the epidermis
- The procambium forms the primary vascular tissue
- Ground meristem that forms ground tissue such as parenchyma.
Meristem Network Functions
The function of meristem tissue is to support plant growth upward (enlarge) or sideways (enlarge). However, each meristem network has a different function specifically. Meristem network functions include:
- Support the stem to grow upwards (up) and extend into a network of roots
- Tissue that supports sideways growth in stem diameter
- Tissues that support the growth of plant intermediate organs
Specifically, meristem networks function to:
- Primary meristel: Causes stem and root growth
- Secondary Meristel: leads to the larger plant body
- Lateral Meristel: Internodes become elongated
- Intercalary Meristel: Stem diameter increases
- Apical Meristel: Lengthens the tip
Meristem Network Characteristics
The characteristics of meristem tissue are as follows:
- Consists of cells that are easy in the division and growth phase
- Often there are no intercellular spaces between meristem cells
- In the form of round, oval or polygonal cells with thin cell walls
- Many cells have both cytoplasm and protoplasm
- Contains one or more nuclei and is large in size
- Immature plastids
- Cell vacuoles are small or very small and may be absent
- Cuboidal or prismatic cell shape
Meristem Network Types And Their Location
Meristem tissue is divided into 2 types, namely:
Types of meristem tissue according to their origin
According to its origin, meristem tissue is divided into two, namely primary meristem and secondary meristem.
-
Primary Meristem
Primary meristems are young tissues derived from embryonic cell development (cells that are still actively dividing). Meristem tissue is located at the tips of roots and stems. Primary meristem tissue activity makes stems and roots grow longer. This tissue growth is called primary growth. According to Haberland, the primary meristem originates from the promeristem which develops into the protoderm (future epidermis), procambium (will become bundle carrier), and ground meristem (be parenchyma). -
Secondary Meristem
Secondary meristem is tissue derived from mature tissue that has stopped growing, but becomes an embryo again. The secondary meristem includes the cambium and cork cambium. Cambium is present in the roots and stems of dicot plants and open seed plants. Cork cambium is found in the bark and forms cork tissue which is difficult for water to pass through or water cannot pass through. Secondary growth makes the plant bigger. The secondary meristem is located between the xylem and phloem.
Types of meristem tissue according to location
According to its location, meristem tissue is divided into three types, namely apical meristem, intecalar meristem and lateral meristem.
-
Apical Meristem
Apical meristem or end meristem, namely meristem tissue located at the tip of roots and some stems of plants. These meristems create primary growth by increasing the length of the roots and stems of the plant. Tissues made of apical meristems are called primary tissues. During the process of elongation of the apical meristem, apical buds are obtained which will become side branches, leaves and flowers. -
Intercalary Meristem
Intercalary meristems are tissues that exist between stem segments or between mature tissues. The network that is formed is the primary network. These meristem growths create long patches between the nodes of the stem. Intercalary meristems cause flowers to grow. Basically the intercalary meristem is the apical meristem that is left behind while growing. -
Lateral Meristem
Lateral meristem or side meristem is the meristem tissue that is parallel to the circle of organs where the lateral meristem is found and this meristem produces secondary growth. Secondary meristem growth is the process of thickening or enlargement of the roots and stems of plants. The lateral meristem makes the organ wider laterally. An example of a lateral meristem is the cork cambium and cambium (phelogen). The cork cambium produces a protective layer called the cork layer (perinderm). The cambium points outward to form the phloem and inward to form the xylem. Meanwhile, the cork cambium leads outward to form the phlemma and inward to form the feloderm.
That's what has been explained about Meristem Network Functions, Definition, Types, Characteristics, Types & Locations, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read our other articles.
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