Taklifi Laws Are: The Division and Explanation in the Science of Ushul Fiqhi

The Taklifi Law Is: The Division and Explanation in the Science of Ushul Fiqhi – What is meant by takhlifi law in Islamic Fiqhi science?, On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

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Taklifi Laws Are: The Division and Explanation in the Science of Ushul Fiqhi

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Usul Fiqh is a scientific discipline that discusses the various methods used by the mujtahids when digging up a Shari'a from sources that already exist in the Qur'an as well as As-Sunnah. It is on the basis of the syar'i texts that the mujatahids take illat which then becomes the basis for establishing law in achieving benefit which is the main goal of this sharia.

In the study of ushul fiqh, the law is then divided into two main points of law, namely taklifi law and wadh'i law. Taklifi law is the law that requires themukallaf to choose between doing or not, while wadh'i law is the law that determined on something that is a cause for something else, meaning whether the law is a condition or a hindrance.

In taklifi and wadh'i law there is a term commonly referred to as a legal object/mahkum fih, because in that event there are laws such as obligatory law, sunnah, mubah, makruh, to haram. Or more simply, namely the actions of a mulatto which is related to a syari' order is called a mahkum fih, while someone who is subject to khitob (demands) of Allah SWT is what is called a court of law (mukallaf).

And we need to know that in this life, we as Muslims will always be in touch and can never be separated from shar'i law. Because syar'i law will continue to be attached to a Muslim. Therefore, it is important for us to study it because by studying it we can know our obligations as Muslims.

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Islamic law

The word law that we use today in Indonesian comes from the word law (without the u between the letters k and m) in Arabic or "rule of law" in English. That is, norms (norms) or rules (rules), namely measurements, benchmarks, benchmarks, guidelines used to assess the behavior or actions of humans and objects.

Whereas in Islamic law, there are five laws or rules that are used as a benchmark for measuring human actions both in the field of worship and in the field of muamalah. The five types of rules are al-ahkam al-khamsah or classification of five or five qualifications, namely;

• permissible (mubah, jaiz, ibahah)
• recommended (sunnah, mandub, mustahab)
• disliked (makruh)
• obligatory (wajib, fardh), Islamic law is distinguished into individual obligations (fardh'ain), such as prayer and fasting,
• collective obligation (fardh kifayah), the fulfillment of this obligation by a number of individuals frees other individuals to perform them, such as funeral prayers and jihad, and prohibited (haram) against halal or anything that is not forbidden.

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Al-Ahkam Al-Khamsah

Ahkam comes from Arabic which is the plural of the word law and khamsah means five. Therefore, the combination of the two words is referred to as al-ahkam al-khamsah (read: ahkamul khamsah) or commonly also called taklifi law.

Taklifi law is a legal provision that requires the kamullaf (aqil-baligh) or the person who is seen by law capable of carrying out legal actions either in the form of rights, obligations, or in other forms prohibition.

The said taklifi law includes five types of rules or five categories of judgments regarding objects and human behavior in Islamic law, namely jaiz, sunnah, makruh, obligatory and forbidden.

The level of quality may rise and may also decrease. It is said to go up, if an action is related to the sunnah and is obligatory. It is said to decrease, if an action is associated with makruh and unlawful. Everything depends on how 'illat (ratio) or the cause.

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Taklifi Law and its Division

Taklifi law, is a demand from Allah SWT related to an order to act or an order to leave an action. Taklifi law is a law that requires a certain act to be carried out by amukallaf or forbids doing it or being told to choose between doing it or leaving it.

The taklifi law is an order from Allah SWT that encourages someone to choose to do it or forbid it, or choose to do it or leave it.

Thus there are five kinds of taklifi law which are included in fiqh as legal provisions, such as obligatory (consent/command), mandub (nadb/suggestion), haram (tahrim/prohibition), makruh (karahah/hatred) and mubah (ibahah/may). The explanation of the distribution of takhlifi law is as follows:

• Ijab (الإيجاب)

Ijab is a definite requirement from Shari'a to be carried out and cannot be (prohibited) to be abandoned, because people who leave it are subject to punishment. This consent has the meaning of carrying out all commands and leaving all His prohibitions, if we violate one of them then we are subject to punishment or torment both in this world and in the hereafter, and if we carry out all the orders then the reward is our reward, in other words the attitude force.

Ijab itself has the same meaning as obligatory, but the consent itself is the determination of the law, while the obligatory is the law itself.

For example in the letter Al-Baqarah verse 110:

وَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَۚ وَمَا تُقَدِّمُواْ لِأَنفُسِكُم مِّنۡ خَيۡرٖ تَجِدُوهُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُونَ بَصِيرٞ ١١٠

Meaning: "And establish prayer and pay zakat. And whatever good you do for yourself, surely you will get the reward from Allah. Surely Allah is Seeing of what you do."

• Tahrim (التحريم)

Tahrim is a demand not to do an act with definite demands, or in other words God's demands as God, namely that we as servants must leave deeds because of something that is true Certain. Tahrim itself has a basic legal meaning and is an unlawful product of the law from Tahrim.

For example in the letter Al-An'am verse 151:

قُلۡ تَعَالَوۡاْ أَتۡلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ أَلَّا تُشۡرِكُواْ بِهِۦ شَيۡ‍ٔٗاۖ وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَٰنٗاۖ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ أَوۡلَٰدَكُم مِّنۡ إِمۡلَٰقٖ نَّحۡنُ نَرۡزُقُكُمۡ وَإِيَّاهُمۡۖ وَلَا تَقۡرَبُواْ ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنۡهَا وَمَا بَطَنَۖ وَلَا تَقۡتُلُواْ ٱلنَّفۡسَ ٱلَّتِي حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ ذَٰلِكُمۡ وَصَّىٰكُم بِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ ١٥١

Meaning: "Say: "Come, let me read what your Lord has forbidden you, namely: do not associate anything with Him, do good to both people parents, and do not kill your children for fear of poverty, We will provide sustenance for you and for them, and do not approach the deeds abominable, both visible and hidden, and do not kill a soul that Allah has forbidden (kill it) except with something (causes) that Correct". That is what you are commanded so that you understand (it).”

• Nadb (الندب)

Namely the demand to carry out an act, but the demand is not certain. Someone is not forbidden to leave it, because people who leave it are not subject to punishment. In other words, this Nadb is a matter that is recommended but not forced because if it is done it will get a reward and if it is abandoned it is not subject to punishment.

As an example in the verse of Allah in the letter Al-Baqarah verse 282:

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ إِذَا تَدَايَنتُم بِدَيۡنٍ إِلَىٰٓ أَجَلٖ مُّسَمّٗى فَٱكۡتُبُوهُۚ …

Meaning: "O you who believe, if you don't do mu'amalah in cash for a specified time, you should write it down ...".

Where if someone is muamalah in cash (debt) for the agreed time to return the goods/money, he should write it as a reminder if he is in debt.

• Karahah (الكراهة)

That is, the demand for leaving an action is uncertain, the uncertainty is also taken from indicators that reduce demands, so that they move from the meaning of haram. A person who does an act that is required to leave it, is not subject to punishment. The consequences of demands like this are also called karahah and the actions that are required to be abandoned are called makruh.

In other words, in this karahah someone is required to leave, but not by force, but with better advice.

أبغض الحلال عند اللَّه الطلاق

Meaning: "halal acts that are hated by Allah is divorce." (H.R. Abu Daud, Ibn Majah, Al-Baihaqi and Hakim).

Here it is very clear that it is lawful for humans to do divorce, but Allah SWT really hates it, even though it has been made lawful but divorce is very hated by Allah.

• Ibahah (الإباحة)

Namely the book of Allah which contains the choice to do or not to do. The consequences of this Book of Allah are also called ibahah while in terms of actions it is called mubah. Broadly speaking, ibahah is the guidance while mubah is the behavior.

Example in the letter Al-Jumu'ah verse 10:

فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةُ فَٱنتَشِرُواْ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ وَٱبۡتَغُواْ مِن فَضۡلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ كَثِيرٗا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ ١٠

Meaning: "When you have performed the prayer, then scatter you on the face of the earth; and seek Allah's bounty and remember Allah much so that you may be successful."

In the explanation of the verse above there are no demands or prohibitions so if you do it it's okay and if you leave it it's okay too.

Thus the review from About the knowledge.co.id about Taklifi Law, hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles.