Conductors Are: Characteristics, Functions, Terms and Examples

Conductors Are: Characteristics, Functions, Terms and Examples – What is a Conductor?, On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss it, including functions and of course other things that also cover it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it

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Conductors Are: Characteristics, Functions, Terms and Examples

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Conductors are materials that can conduct static electricity as well as sweet electricity. Not only that, it can also conduct heat or sound. Something that has the ability to conduct electricity is called electrical conductivity.

As such, one of the characteristics of conductor goods is that they have electrical conductivity. Most metals, such as iron and copper, are good conductors of electricity. These metals are used to make wires to carry electric current.

Not only the classification of objects that have good electrical conductivity, there is also the term semiconductor, which refers to goods that can conduct electricity, but not very well.

There are also some materials when completely cold, which are superconductors, that is, they offer no resistance to the flow of electricity at all. Conductor resistance tends to be greater as the temperature also continues to be greater.

In terms of physics and electrical methods, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of charge (electric current) in one or more directions. Materials made of metal are universal conductors of electricity.

Electric current is generated by the flow of negatively charged electrons, positively charged holes, and positive or negative ions in some cases.

For current to flow, there is no need for a charged particle to travel from the machine that created the current to the one that consumed it. Instead, a charged particle only needs to nudge its neighbors a limited number of times it wants to nudges its neighbor and goes on and on until the particle is nudged into the consumer, thereby energizing it on the machine.

Basically what is intertwined is a long chain of momentum transfer between mobile charging operators; Drude's conduction model describes this process more strictly.

This mode of momentum transfer makes metals the perfect choice for conductors; metals, in particular, have a delocalized electron sea which gives the electrons enough mobility to collide and thus affect the transfer of momentum.

Conductors are materials or substances that allow electricity to flow through them. These materials or substances can conduct electricity because they allow electrons to flow very easily in them.

Conductors have this property that allows the transition of heat or light from one source to another. Metal, humans, earth, and human/fauna bodies are all conductors. This is the reason why we get electrocuted.

Its main reason is that being a good conductor, the human body as a living being allows free passage for current to flow from the wire to our bodies. Conductors have free electrons on their surface which allow current to pass through them. This is the reason why conductors can conduct electricity.

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Definition of Conductor According to Experts

There is also a definition of a conductor for experts, including:

The Physics Classroom

Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow freely from particle to particle. Objects made of conductive materials will allow charges to be transferred across the surface of the object.

When charge is transferred to an object at a certain position, the charge is instantaneously distributed over all surfaces of the object. The charge distribution is a result of the movement of electrons.

Because conductors allow electrons to be transported from particle to particle, a charged object will always distribute its charge until the total repulsive force between the electrons is excessive minimized.

If a charged conductor is touched by another object, the conductor can also transfer its charge to that object. Transfer of charge between objects occurs more easily if the second object is made of a conducting material. Conductors allow the transfer of charge through the free movement of electrons.

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Conductor Characteristics

Materials listed as conductors have several main characteristics, namely being able to conduct heat and electric current; Lightning conducts heat; The majority are made of metal; Hard objects, such as copper, metal, iron, and others.

These materials have several significant characteristics, including:

• Has Heat Transfer Energy

Thermal conductivity is a condition that can report the amount of heat passing through a layer of material in a certain time. An example of a material or item that has a large heat transfer energy is a metal type item. As well as heat conduction energy is expressed in units of kcal/hour°C.

• Has Electrical Conductive Energy

Current flowing in a conductor will encounter resistance from the conductor. The amount of resistance depends on the type of material. The size of the resistance of each m with a cross-sectional area of ​​1 mm3 at a temperature of 20°C is called the type resistance, which can be calculated by the equation:

R=

ρl/ A

Explanation:

R: Resistance in the conductor, the unit is ohms (Ω)
ρ: Material-type resistance, in units of Ω. mm2/m
l: The length of the conductor, the unit is m (meters)
A: The cross-sectional area of ​​the conducting wire, the unit is mm2

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Pressure Temperature Coefficient

A material will experience a change in volume if there is a change in temperature. The material will expand when the temperature rises and will decrease when the temperature decreases. A large change in resistance due to a change in temperature can be calculated by the equation:

R– R0( 1+α( t– t0)

Explanation:

R: The resistance after changing the temperature
R0: The initial resistance, the moment before the temperature change
T: Temperature temperature (final), in °C
T0: Temperature temperature( early), in°C

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Thermal Electro Energy

Electro-thermo energy is electro-motor energy that will be used in different temperature conditions. The electro-thermo energy of an electric current in an electric circuit will always experience a change in each thermo-electromotor energy if there is a change in temperature conditions.

This character plays a significant role in the 2 different types of metal which are attached to the 2 points of contact. The temperature ratio is directly proportional to the two materials produced, and there is a large comparison in each electric voltage.

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Conductor Function

Objects that have the character of a conductor have various uses or properties in everyday life, including:

• Cooking Equipment

If we are not careful in using kitchen utensils made of conductors, our hands will be injured or Berets if you do not use safety equipment or insulating mixtures when wearing equipment cook. Conductor cookware is needed to dissipate heat from the source for cooking.

Cooking equipment made of conductors, such as pans or frying pans, which are generally made of aluminum. Aluminum is a lighter metal compared to other metals.

• Iron

The use of conductors in everyday life

For example, for clothes smoothing equipment or irons, the working system uses heat energy generated from electricity. The metal conductor material placed at the base of the iron is in direct contact with the clothes. So that it can be used properly, the top of the iron uses an insulating material for user comfort.

• Solder

Solder is a tool for connecting electronic components. Usually used in workshops or places to repair electronic equipment. Like other equipment, one of which is the conductor that is in contact with the equipment to be soldered, the part to be moved by our hands using an insulator.

• Copper Conductor for Electrical Cable Contents

Copper is a pure metal which has a large electrical conductivity which is near 57 S. Copper acts on conducting wires. Cables that use copper are power cables, coaxial cables, NYA, NYAF and others.

One reason why copper is used as cable stuffing is due to its high conductivity. Copper also has resistance to high temperatures and humidity than steel. The boiling point rises to 2595 degrees C. The material is sturdy, hard, elastic and can be released or expanded.

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Conductor Example

The following are examples of conductor materials, including:

• Copper

Copper is a conductive material that has a low resistance. The electrons are loosely bound to the nucleus and flow freely. Loss of energy in copper is less when compared to other conductive metals. Copper has good thermal conductivity and is corrosion resistant.

It is recyclable in many forms, tough and easy to alloy. Copper has non-magnetic, disinfectant properties, easily linked to other metals.

• Silver

Silver is resistant to corrosion as well as creating oxidation. Therefore, it is good for electricity consumption. Not only that, it is also used in medical applications, namely for antimicrobial analysis. It is the perfect metal for making jewelry and industrial plumbing and tools.

• Aluminum

Aluminum is a metal used in electronics for its valuable mechanical electrical properties. Aluminum is used in making conductor pipes, motor assembly housings, and heat sinks.

• Brass

Brass is used for electrical purposes because of its low cost. Several percentages of zinc are mixed in different proportions to produce nearly 15 different types of brass. universally,

Brass is an alloy of copper. This term is used for switches, connectors, contacts etc. What is interesting is that brass is a good metal for making musical instruments because of its acoustic and ductile properties.

• Bronze

It is one of the copper alloys that has tin, aluminum, silicon, and nickel. It is sturdy in nature when compared to brass. It is corrosion resistant as well as flexible. Bronze is used to make surgical instruments, ball bearings, and cast artifacts.

• Iron

Iron is a good metal with decreasing character, damping capacity, fluid in nature. Application of iron for example for manufacture

cookware, manhole covers, auto parts, Bridges, metro buildings.

Iron is a core element in making generators, motors, transformers, audio and video storage devices and so on. Others Permanent magnets made of iron are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical applications.

• Mercury

Mercury is a metal used in various electronic products. Mercury is used in thermometers, light switches, thermostatic devices (probes, heating and cooling systems), and vehicles.

Features of electronic medicine such as measuring blood pressure using mercury. Some sensors such as Barometer, Hygrometer and Hydrometer use mercury for their operation.

• Gold

Electronic devices use a layer of gold to eliminate corrosion. It is a good resource for manufacture of electronic components. Gold is used in solder joints, switches, electrical contacts. Gold is used in cell phones, GPS materials, PDAs, Digital calculators, Smart Televisions etc. Gold application zones include medical diagnostic equipment, satellite components and mechanical components in the aerospace industry and others.

• Platinum

Platinum as a conductor is used as an alternative to gold. It is used in electrical switches and contacts to prevent corrosion. The uses of platinum include in chemical processing (as a catalyst), in the glass home industry to make dye, and extracting crude oil from petroleum.

• Graphite

Graphite is the semiconductor material used to manufacture monocrystalline integrated chips. These are used to make electrodes for plasma engraving. It is used in ion implantation, fiber optics, surface tiles in space shuttles, as well as in the design of cryogenic applications.

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Conductor Material Rules

Some materials to be used as conductors must be able to meet several requirements, such as:

Have Good Conductivity

Good conductivity in a conductor material is defined as having a type resistance value relatively small, because the type resistance continues to be small, so the conductivity value will continue to be good material. On the other hand, the type resistance is inversely proportional to the conductivity of the material.

Material conductivity is related to heat and electrical conductivity. Thermal conductivity reports the amount of heat that can pass through a material at a certain time interval.

Metal materials are materials that have large heat conductivity so that metal materials tend to have high conductivity like conductor materials.

The conductivity of electricity will show the strength of the conductor material when conducting electric current. The magnitude of the electrical conductivity of the conductor will be greatly influenced by the type of resistance present in the conductor material. The type resistance itself can be expressed in the form of an equation as follows:

R=
ρ( l/ A)
Explanation:
R= resistance (Ω)
ρ= type resistance (Ω. meters)
l=conductor length(m)
A = cross-sectional area of ​​the wire (m2)

• High Mechanical Strength

Conductor materials have great mechanical strength so they can conduct electricity or heat very well. Materials with high mechanical strength have tightly packed particles. When the conductor material is brought closer to a source of heat or electric current, vibrations or vibrations will occur in the conductor material.

Through these vibrations or vibrations, heat or electric current will flow from end to end in other conducting materials. The mechanical properties of the material will be of great importance especially when the conducting material lies above the ground. The conductor material must be known for its mechanical properties because it will be related to the large voltage distribution in the electric current channel.

• Small Coefficient of Expansion

Materials that have a small coefficient of expansion will not easily face changes in temperature.

R= R0 1+α( t– t0)

Explanation:

R: the amount of resistance after the formation of a temperature change (Ω)
R0: initial resistance, the moment before the formation of a temperature change (Ω)
t: final temperature, on the C scale
t0: early temperature, on the C scale
α: resistivity temperature coefficient resistivity value

• Different Thermoelectric Energy Between Materials

In an electric circuit, an electric current will always experience a change in thermoelectric energy due to a change in temperature. The temperature point corresponds to the type of metal material used as a conductor.

It is very important to recognize the impact that is produced when 2 different types of metal are attached to a single point of contact. At different types of temperatures, the materials have different conductivity results.

• Fairly Large Modulus of Elasticity

This character is also no less important to use when there is a large distribution of stress. With a large elastic modulus, so that the conductor material is not prone to damage due to large stresses. Electrical conductors consist of various forms, namely in the form of liquids such as mercury, in the form of gases such as neon and also in the form of solids such as metals.

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Characteristics of Conductor Materials

The characteristics of the conductor material itself are broken down into 2 personality types, namely:

• An electrical characteristic that has a position to show the ability of a conductor when carrying an electric current.
• Mechanical characteristics that demonstrate the ability of the conductor to pull.

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