√ Definition of Social Capital, Functions, Elements and Types
Definition of Social Capital, Functions, Elements and Types - In the discussion this time About Knowledge will discuss about Social Capital. Which includes the meaning, function, elements and types of social capital with a complete and easy-to-understand discussion.
Definition of Social Capital, Functions, Elements and Types
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Definition of Social Capital
Social capital is a part of social organization such as trust, norms and networks that can increase the efficiency of society by facilitating coordinated action.
Another definition of social capital is the resources that exist in society in the form of norms or values facilitating and building cooperation with harmonious interaction and communication networks as well conducive. Social capital has strength and power in several social conditions in society.
Social capital is used as a relationship that is made from social norms to become social glue, namely the creation of a unity in group members together.
Social capital arises from interactions between people in a community. Measurement of social capital can be seen from interactions both individually and institutionally, for example the creation or maintenance of trust between members of the community.
Definition of Social Capital According to Experts
The following is a definition of social capital according to experts.
1. Partha and Ismail (2009)
The definition of social capital according to Partha and Ismail is the relationship that is created and the norms that shape the quality and quantity of social relations in society in a broad spectrum, namely as a social glue (social glue) that maintains the unity of group members together.
2. Prusak L (Field, 2010:26)
Understanding Social Capital according to Prusak L is a relationship that occurs and is bound by a trust (trust), mutual understanding (mutual understanding) and shared values that bind group members to make joint action possible efficiently and effective)
3. Hasbullah (2006)
The definition of social capital according to Hasbullah is the amount of resources, actual or virtual (implied) that develops in an individual or a group of individuals due to the ability to have a network that lasts in more or less institutionalized relationships based on knowledge and recognition of the lead come back.
4. Coleman (1999)
The definition of Social Capital according to Coleman is the ability of people to work together for a common goal within various groups and organizations.
5. Burts (1992)
The definition of social capital according to Burt is the ability of people to associate with one another with others and subsequently became an important force in the economic and social aspects of existence other.
Elements of Social Capital
Social capital has elements and components that compose it, including:
Trust
Giddens states, trust is a belief in the reliability of a person or system, related to various results and events, which which belief expresses a faith (faith) in the integrity of the love of others or the correctness of abstract principles (knowledge technical)
Meanwhile, Fukuyama (1996) argues that trust is an expectation that grows in a society which is shown by the existence of honest, orderly, and cooperative behavior according to adopted norms together.
Trust has a function as a reduction or minimization of harm that comes from certain activities. Trust is often tied not to risk, but to possibilities.
Trust enhances human ability to cooperate not on the basis of cognitive rational calculations, but by consideration of a measure of the buffer between the desire for indispensable and partially expected will disappointing.
Values and Norms (Norms)
Values and Norms are fundamental to the process of social interaction. Values and norms lead to how individuals should behave in society.
Norms are part of social capital that is created not by bureaucrats or the government, but through a tradition, history, a charismatic figure who builds a certain way of behavior for a person or a group of people, in it then will social capital arises spontaneously within the framework of determining the rules that can regulate personal interests and interests group.
Social Networks (Networks)
According to Damsar (2009: 214), Networks are ties between nodes (people or groups) associated with media (social relations) that are bound by trust. Trust is maintained by binding norms between the two parties.
Network is a relationship between individuals that has a subjective meaning that is related or connected to something as a knot and bond.
Social networks will often be colored by a typical typology in line with the characteristics and orientation of the group. Social groups are often formed traditionally on the basis of similar heredity (repeated social experience) and similarity Beliefs in the dimensions of needs (religious beliefs) tend to have high cohesiveness, but the range of networks or trusts that are built is very high narrow.
Functions of Social Capital
The functions of social capital include the following:
- As a tool to overcome conflicts that exist in society
- Contribute independently to the occurrence of social integration
- Participate in creating social solidarity with the pillars of volunteerism
- Participate in building community participation
- As a pillar of democracy
- Government bargaining tool
Types of Social Capital
Woolcock (2001) states that there are three types of social capital, including:
Social Bounding
Social Bounding is a type of social capital with the characteristics of having a strong bond (the presence of social adhesive) in a social system. In general, social bounding is in the form of values, culture, perceptions and traditions or customs.
Social Bridging (Social Bridge)
Social bridging is a social bond that arises as a reaction to various characteristics of the group. Social bridging can arise because there are various weaknesses around them, making them decide to build strengths from weaknesses.
Social Linking (Relationships/Social Networks)
Social linking is a social relationship characterized by the existence of a relationship between several levels of social power or social status in society. Like the relationship between the political elite and the general public.
Thus has been explained about Definition of Social Capital, Functions, Elements, Complete Types hopefully can add to your insight and knowledge. Thank you for visiting and don't forget to read other articles
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