Complete Metamorphosis: Definition, Stages, and Examples
Complete Metamorphosis: Definition, Stages, and Examples – What are the stages of Perfect Metamorphosis like? In the previous discussion About the knowledge.co.id already discussed about Metamorphosis Is: Definition, Phases, Types and Examples, this time we will discuss the specifics of perfect metamorphosis and the things that surround it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.
Complete Metamorphosis: Definition, Stages, and Examples
Metamorphosis is a change in body shape and habits during the phases of an animal's development cycle. There are two types of metamorphosis that can be distinguished, namely complete metamorphosis and imperfect metamorphosis.
Complete metamorphosis is a type of insect development that includes egg, larva, pupal, and adult stages, which differ greatly in morphology. Briefly, complete metamorphosis is a metamorphosis consisting of four stages namely egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The life cycles of butterflies, ants, ticks, bees, beetles, moths and wasps are examples of complete metamorphosis.
Complete metamorphosis begins with the laying of eggs by the female insect. The larva, which is the second stage of complete metamorphosis, hatches from the egg. At the time of the larval phase usually has characteristics that are quite different from the adult phase in morphology, behavior, and/or habitat. The body of the larva is soft like a worm. The main characteristic feature of the larvae is their voracious appetite for food. Due to this voracious appetite, the larval stage shows very fast growth. During the growth phase, the larvae molt several times. The pupal stage begins with the formation of a cocoon around the larval body.
The larvae are inactive and do not forage while they are in the pupal phase. In the pupal phase, the body develops more segments, internal organs, legs and wings. The pupal stage may last from about 4 days to several weeks depending on the type of animal, species and environmental conditions. After completing the development process in the cocoon and when it is ready, the next stage becomes an adult by leaving the cocoon.
Process Stages of Perfect Metamorphosis
Complete metamorphosis is Holometabolism. In holometabolism, the larva is very different from the adult. The insect only carries out holometabolism through the larval stage, after which it enters a dormant phase called the pupa, or chrysalis, and finally becomes an adult. So perfect metamorphosis is a metamorphosis that goes through the stages starting from egg-larval-pupa-imago. Examples of complete metamorphosis are frogs, mosquitoes and butterflies.
There are also stages of development and growth that occur in perfect metamorphosis, including:
Egg Phase
Female animals will lay their eggs in a place that fits the needs of the growth of their future children. For example, as in butterflies that lay their eggs on the surface of the leaves, this is because the larvae or young animals are plant eaters.
In this egg phase, the embryo resulting from fertilization of the egg with sperm cells continues to face separation, forming organs, for a certain time depending on the type of species. These mosquito eggs have a light and dense structure like a raft. The mother mosquitoes also lay their eggs on the surface of the still water. This is because mosquito larvae spend their lives in water. After the time set for these eggs will hatch into larvae or young animals.
Larvae Phase
In this phase the larvae or young animals are also very active in eating. The female parent lays the eggs in a place that suits her food. Caterpillars, larvae of butterflies can eat the leaves where they are or perch. Animal larvae that already have an exoskeleton (outer frame), such as insects will experience skin changes or ecdysis or molting.
This is also because the dimensions of his body are increasing so that a new exoskeleton is needed for his enlarged body dimensions. This molting of the skin can occur many times and at the specified time the larvae will stop eating and enter the next phase, which is to become a pupa. This change can be controlled by hormones in the body of the larvae.
Pupae Phase
Pupa or cocoon is a transitional phase. The cocoon body is protected by a hard outer frame or cocoon. In this phase, most insects are in an inactive (eating) state. Behind the cocoon, the pupa's body is much more active in carrying out the metabolism of making organs and forms of the adult animal. The need for energy is obtained from stored food reserves in the body of the larvae (during the larval stage it is very active in eating, and some of the food will be placed for the pupal stage). The pupal phase takes a wide variety of times.
Imago Phase
Until the set time, the pupa comes out of its shell to become an adult animal or imago with a very different form. In this phase, the imago has a method of eating and a different habitat from the larvae. This imago phase is the reproductive phase in which aged animals will interbreed (male and female), which will form hundreds of eggs, and will repeat their cycles.
Comparison of Complete and Imperfect Metamorphosis
Equality
Both Complete and Imperfect metamorphosis are types of insect growth.
Insect body shape changes in both Complete and imperfect metamorphosis.
Both Complete and incomplete metamorphosis initiate the growth phase from the egg stage to the adult stage.
A series of molting processes occur in both complete and incomplete metamorphosis as they grow into adults.
Difference
Definition
- Complete Metamorphosis: Complete Metamorphosis refers to the type of development an insect goes through egg, larval, pupal and adult stages which can be seen in morphological changes in the stages growth.
- Imperfect Metamorphosis: Imperfect Metamorphosis refers to a type of insect development in which gradual changes occur in the insect during the development from egg to adult.
Stages
- Complete Metamorphosis: Complete Metamorphosis consists of four stages namely egg, larva, pupa and adult.
- Incomplete Metamorphosis: Incomplete Metamorphosis consists of three stages namely egg, nymph, and adult.
- Perfect Metamorphosis: Complete Metamorphosis through the larval phase which is identical with feeding activities and becomes the phase to the next stage, namely the pupa which appears to be not very active.
- Incomplete Metamorphosis: Incomplete metamorphosis is not present in the larval phase but directly in the nymph phase, which resembles a miniature adult.
Reproductive Capability
- Complete Metamorphosis: The final stage of insects becomes reproductive with success in Complete metamorphosis.
- Incomplete Metamorphosis: Some early stages of insects are reproductively successful in imperfect metamorphosis.
Example of Complete Metamorphosis
- Mosquitoes: Eggs > Mosquitoes > Pupae > Mosquitoes
- Butterfly: Egg > Caterpillar > Cocoon > Butterfly
- Bees: Egg > Larva > Cocoon > Bee
- Flies: Egg > Maggot (Larva) > Pupa > Flies
- Ants: Egg > Larva > Pupa > Ant
- Frog (Amphibian): Egg > Tadpole / Tadpole > 2 Leg Tadpole > 4 Leg Tadpole > Young Frog (Long Tail) > Adult Frog
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