Long Jump: Definition, History, Technique, Style and Regulations

Long Jump: Definition, History, Technique, Style and Regulations – What is the long jump? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss whether it is Long Jump and other things about it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Long Jump: Definition, History, Technique, Style and Regulations

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Long jump is one of the athletic sports branches by making jumping movements by carrying the body weight while flying in the air done by walking fast and repulsing on the pedestal using one of the strongest legs to reach the farthest distance.

Long jump is an attitude to achieve the highest initial speed while still being able to do the highest repulsion firmly up on one foot to gain enough flying height to create distance leap.

Adequate physical and technical conditions need to be owned by a good jumper. The influence of physical or visible conditions on the jumper's speed when performing the prefix and strength and repulsion in the long jump.

Meanwhile, the harmony of the prefix and repulsion depended on the technical ability. If the initial running speed and repulsion are good then the jump results will be good too.

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History of the Long Jump

The sport of long jump has existed since 708 AD when there were the Ancient Olympics in Greece. The long jump is the only jumping event contested at the Ancient Olympics. According to existing records, the long jump was performed by Sparta participants with a jump of 7.05 meters in length.

Originally, all the events held in the Ancient Olympics were intended as a form of war training. The emergence of this long jump sport is believed to train the agility of warriors in jumping over different obstacles, such as ditches and ravines.

At that time, the technique and method of jumping this long jump sport was different from the technique and method of jumping that is now applied. In ancient times, jumps were made in the form of multiples. Also in this event, jumpers are only allowed to use a short sprint start. In addition, jumpers are also required to run while carrying weights in both hands, which are known as halteres with weights ranging from 1 to 4.5 kg.

Long jump is a type of sport that was also competed in the Modern Olympics which was held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. The jumping technique in this long jump began to be improved from day to day so that the jumping technique was formed as it is now implemented.

The United States once triumphed in the long jump at the Olympics held in Mexico in 1968 with a record set by Bob Beamon with a jump of 8.90 meters. Then the record was broken by an athlete from the United States named Mike Powell with a jump of 8.95 meters

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Long Jump Technique

There are 4 techniques that must be done in doing long jump sports, namely:

Prefix Technique

Prefix is ​​a movement in long jump athletics which is done by running as fast as possible in order to obtain maximum speed before repulsion. In addition, the prefix in long jump athletics can be interpreted as an effort to gain maximum horizontal speed which is then converted to vertical speed when performing repulsion.

The distance from a start depends on the maturity level of the athlete and the ability of the athlete to accelerate at his own pace. The starting technique must be done by running as fast as possible from a distance of 40-45 meters on a running track.

There are several things that must be considered when making a prefix in long jump athletics, such as:

• The initial distance in the long jump event depends on the ability of the athlete itself. For jumpers who in short distances can reach maximum speed, the starting distance is quite short or close (approximately 30-35 meters or less). Meanwhile, for long jump athletes who reach maximum speed over a relatively long distance, the starting distance must be longer (approximately 30-45 meters or more than that).
• The position when standing at the starting point in the long jump is that the feet are parallel or one of the feet is in front, depending on the athlete's habits. How to take the prefix in the long jump starting slowly and then fast (sprint). This speed must be maintained until just before taking the pedestal/repulsion.
• After reaching the maximum speed, about 3-4 last steps take-off the running movement is released spontaneously without reducing the speed that has been achieved before. In this last step, concentration and energy focus on doing the pedestal on the board or pedestal beam.

Focus Technique

Focusing is an important movement in the long jump to determine the perfect jump result. In this technique, the athlete pushes off a board or pedestal using the strongest leg by changing horizontal speed to vertical speed.

When doing pedestals, body position should not be too inclined. The focus must also be strong, fast and active. Body balance must also be considered so as not to shake. The arm swing movement is very helpful for increasing height and maintaining body balance.

There are several elements that must be considered in doing repulsion in the long jump, including:

• Repulsion in the long jump must be done with a strong leg.
• The part of the foot that is very suitable and strong to rest on is usually located at the heel first and ends at the toe.
• Just before doing the pedestal, try to lean back.
• Better to rest right on the pedestal board.
• Both arms also swung forward when resting.
• Swing your leg and lift it forward to hip height with your knees bent.

Gliding Technique

The long jump is carried out after leaving the pedestal beam. When doing floating movements, body balance must be maintained. Swinging both hands can help athletes maintain body balance.

There are 2 ways to do the floating technique, namely:

• With a squatting attitude

In this attitude, when supporting, the swing leg raises the knee as high as possible, then followed by the supporting leg. Then before landing, both legs are brought forward.

• With a hanging attitude

In this attitude, swing leg is allowed to hang straight at the time of support. The body is kept upright, followed by the fulcrum with the knees bent while the hips are pushed forward. Then, both arms stretched upwards.

Landing Technique

In this technique, athletes must try to land as well as possible. Do not let your body or arms fall backwards. Landing on the tub jump begins with the position of the heels of the feet and the feet are slightly close together. Movements during landing should be done with both feet.

What needs to be considered when landing in the long jump is that both feet land simultaneously, followed by a push of the hips forward. So that the body does not tend to fall backwards which can be fatal for the athlete himself.

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Long Jump Style

There are 3 types of styles that can be done when doing long jump sports, namely:

Squat Style Long Jump (Tack Style / Orthotic Style)

The squat style is the oldest and easiest type of long jump style to do. It is said to be a squat style because when flying in the air, the athlete only bends his legs, so it looks like he is squatting.

When doing this style, the repulsion must be precise and strong. When the body is in the air, position the body like a person who is squatting, with a position body leaning forward and hands flicked behind the body while setting the correct landing.

Long Jump Style Hanging (Schnepper Style/Hang Style)

There are several techniques that must be considered when doing the long jump with this style, such as:

• Do the start with maximum speed and do a very strong push on the takeoff board.
• When the body is in the air, try to float the body as long as possible in the air and in a state of balance.
• Position your arms above your head, like holding a rope while swinging.
• When landing, try to land as well as possible, don't let your body or hands fall backwards because it can harm the athlete. Land with your feet and hands forward.

Long Jump Style Walking in the Air (Walking in the Air)

There are several techniques that must be considered when doing the long jump with this style, such as:

• Do the prefix by running fast on the track with a distance of 40-45 meters. Then do a repulsion on the kickback board by using the strongest leg to change the horizontal speed generated at the start to vertical speed.
• When the body is in the air, swing the swing leg or back leg as hard as possible up. Next, do the movement of stepping in the air by stepping on the foot that was previously used to reject or support to make the movement of walking in the air.
• Make a safe landing without causing injury. You do this by straightening your legs and arms together forward, your body leaning forward, and when your heels touch the sand quickly your knees are bent.

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Long Jump Rules

Here are some long jump rules, consisting of:

Participant Regulations

Following are some of the long jump rules for participants, consisting of:

• Participants in the long jump competition with more than 8 people each participant are allowed to jump 3 times. Not only that, there are 8 jumps where the best jumpers can do 3 jumps so that the winner can be determined.
• Participants with less than 8 people will be arranged for each participant to jump only 6 times and even then in turn.
• Measurements will be taken if all participants have made a jump; the measurement is from the freest point closest to the landing sandbox.
• The time given is 1.5 minutes for each participant in doing the jump.
• The jump that is considered the best is the result that will be recorded so that the winner can be determined.

Field

Information:

• Long tub jump 9 m
• The width of the tub = 2.75 m
• Prefix track width = 1.22 m
• The width of the pedestal = 20 m
• The length of the pedestal = 1.22 m
• The jump tub is filled with sand

The long jump field uses a sandbox measuring 10 x 2.75 m plus a 45 m running track and a jump board measuring 1.22 x 0.2 x 0.0 5 m. For the sandbox, try to use fine sand free of sharp gravel so that the jumper does not injure the jumper when landing.

Following are some of the long jump rules on the field, consisting of:

• Reject boards must be 1.22 m long, 10 cm thick and 20 cm wide.
• The track prefix must have a minimum length of 45 m with a width of 1.22 m.
• Placement of plasticine boards should be placed on the side close to the landing so that the marks of the jumper's feet can be noted properly when for example a thrust fault is created at least 1 m from the front edge of the sandbox landing.
• The landing area must be at least 2.75 m wide with a minimum of 10 m for the distance between the take-off line and the end of the jump area.
• The height or flat surface of the sand at the landing site must also be the same as the top side of the take-off board.

Leap Measurement

Following are some of the rules for long jump in jump measurements, consisting of:

• The measurement of the entire jump is from the landing site in the jump box to the pedestal beam.
• Measurements also need to be made perpendicular to the pedestal and its extension.
• It is from the side of the landing mark that is closest to the pedestal beam that measurements need to be taken which then we must draw straight to the side of the pedestal beam which is not far from the jump.
• The measuring jury is the only one entitled to measure and there are usually 2 of them.
• The jump that is declared valid will be measured by the measuring jury.
• The measuring judge will take the jump measurement from the end of the fulcrum closest to the sandbox to the start of landing.
• If after making a jump then the jumper walks backwards, then the measurement automatically takes place at the distance when the jumper goes backwards. That's why the jumper has to walk forward after jumping.
• The tools used in the measurement process must be the same for each athlete's jump results when the competition takes place, alias there is only one measuring instrument in the competition.
• Measurements must be made as accurately as possible because a difference of 1 cm is of course very influential.
• Recording of the results of the jump is always carried out by the recorder of the results of the race.

Disqualification

Following are some of the long jump rules subject to disqualification, consisting of:

• Participants have not jumped well after being called for 3 minutes.
• The pedestal uses 2 legs.
• Landing is done outside the tub jump.
• The process of rejecting is carried out from the outside of the end of the support beam, before or also after the extension line of the support line.
• Competitor with any part of the body touches the ground that is behind the take-off line, either that's when square off when you want to make a jump or when running fast without one repulsion.
• When landing, the competitor touches the ground outside the landing area or the jump box before landing properly in the landing box.
• Participants make a landing by doing a somersault-like movement.
• When it has made a perfect jump, the jumper needs to walk back through the jump tub.
• In essence, the jumper needs to walk back to the starting point after jumping.

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