Definition of Hajj and Umrah: Laws, Terms, Pillars, Mandatory Hajj, Sunnah Hajj and Umrah

Meaning of Hajj and Umrah: Laws, Terms, Pillars, Compulsory Hajj, Sunnah Hajj and Umrah - What is Hajj and Umrah? On this occasion About the knowledge.co.id will discuss what is meant by Hajj and Umrah and other matters surrounding it. Let's look at the discussion together in the article below to better understand it.

Definition of Hajj and Umrah: Laws, Terms, Pillars, Mandatory Hajj, Sunnah Hajj and Umrah

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Hajj is the 5th pillar of Islam. Performing the pilgrimage is a form of annual ritual for Muslims who are financially, physically and scientifically capable by visiting to several places in Saudi Arabia or will also carry out several activities at one predetermined time, namely exactly on the month Dzulhijjah. Whereas Umrah is a worship that is similar to the Hajj, but it is simpler to implement and the time is not specified.

Meaning of Hajj

In estimology (language), this Hajj also means intention (Al Qasdu), whereas according to syara' it means the intention to go to the Baitul Haram with special deeds. Certain places that will be referred to in the definition above are other than the Kaaba or Mas'a (places sa'i), also Padang Arafah (place of standing), Muzdalifah (place of death), and also Mina (place of throwing jumroh).

Understanding Hajj in terms (terminology) is to go to worship the holy land (Mecca), perform tawaf, sa'i, and standing at Padang Arafah and carrying out all the provisions of Hajj in the month Zulhijah.

then while what is meant by a certain time is the months of Hajj, which starts from Shawwal to the first 10 months of Dzulhijjah. Certain acts of worship are thawaf, sa'i, wukuf, mazbit at Muzdalifah, throwing jumroh, and mabit at Mina.

Meaning of Umrah

The meaning of Umrah according to language (etymology) is taken from the word "i'tamara" which means to visit. In the Shari'a, Umrah means visiting the Baitullah (Masjidil Haram) with the aim get closer to Allah by fulfilling certain conditions that the time is not determined like like Hajj.

Umrah is a visit to the Kaaba to be able to perform a series of worship with predetermined conditions. Umrah is sunnah for Muslims who can afford it. Umrah can be performed at any time, except on the day of Arafah, which is the 10th of Zulhijah and also Tasyrik days, which are 11,12,13 of Zulhijah. Carrying out Umrah in the month of Ramadan is equal in value to performing the Hajj (Muslim Hadith)

Law of Hajj and Umrah

The legal basis for Hajj and Umrah worship is the Al-Qur'an surah Ali Imran, 3: 97; Al-Baqarah, 2:196-197, and Al-Hjj, 22: 27-28. In surah Ali Imran, 2: 97 Allah SWT. said:
Meaning: "Performing the pilgrimage is a human obligation to Allah, namely (for) people who are able to travel to the Baitullah. Whoever denies (the obligation of pilgrimage), then verily Allah is Rich (does not need anything) from the Worlds." (Q.S. Ali Imran, 2: 97).

There are quite a lot of hadiths that serve as the legal basis for the pilgrimage. In addition to the hadiths about the pillars of Islam that were mentioned earlier, they can also be found in the hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah as follows: “Rasulullah SAW preached to us. He said, 'O people, Allah has prescribed Hajj for you, so carry it out.' Then someone asked, 'Is Hajj it is done every year, O Messenger of Allah?' Rasulullah SAW then became silent, to the extent that the man repeated his question three times time. Then Rasulullah SAW said, 'If I tell you the truth, it will definitely be mandatory every year, but you won't be able to.'" (H.R. Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Muslim, and An-Nasai).

Based on the Al-Qur'an and the hadith, fiqh scholars agree that the law of performing the pilgrimage is fardhu 'ain for every Muslim/Muslimah who has fulfilled the obligatory requirements.

As scholars argue that the law of Umrah is mutahabah which means it is good to do and not obligatory. Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad saw. stated as follows.
Meaning: Hajj is obligatory while umrah is “tatawwu.” (A1 Hadith)

Tatawwu means that it is not obligatory, but it is good to do it to get closer to Allah and doing it is more important than leaving it because tatawwu has rewards.

Hajj Requirements

• Islam. Hajj is only obligatory for Muslims.
• Baligh. Minors are not required. Even if he has performed Hajj, then his Hajj is still valid but is categorized as Hajj sunnah.
• Reasonable.
• Freedom (not being a slave).
• Capable.
• There is a mahram (muhrim) for women, for women there must be a husband or someone who accompanies her.

Requirements for Hajj Legitimacy

Hajj is declared valid if it fulfills the following conditions:

• Done according to the time limit, for example miqat Zamani (Ibrahim funeral deadline), and the time limit for standing.
• Performing the order of the pillars of Hajj cannot be reversed.
• The conditions are fulfilled, for example the conditions for thawaf and sa'i.
• Done in a predetermined place, for example the place of wukuf, thawaf, sa'i, throwing jumroh and attending the muzdalifah or spending the night at mina.

Pillars of Hajj

What is meant by pillars of pilgrimage are actions that must be carried out when performing the pilgrimage and if there are pillars left behind, then the pilgrimage is invalid and cannot be replaced with dams and it is obligatory to repeat the pilgrimage again in the following year come. The pillars of Hajj consist of six types, namely as follows.

Ihram

Ihram is the intention to perform Hajj by wearing Ihram clothes and leaving everything that is prohibited or forbidden in Hajj.

Standing in the desert of Arafat,

is to stop at Padang Arafah on the 9th of Zulhijah, which starts from the slip of the sun (9th of Zulhijah) until dawn on the 10th of Zulhijah.

Tawaf,

Tawaf means circling the Ka`bah seven times with the following conditions:

• Holy from hadas and unclean
• Closes aurot
• The Ka`bah is to the left of the person who performs tawaf.
• The calculation starts from the pillars of Hajar Aswad.
• Tawaf is done in the Grand Mosque.

The types of Tawaf are as follows:

• Tawaf ifadah (thawaf pillars of Hajj).
• Tawaf qudum, that is the thawaf that is done when you first come to the holy land and look at the Ka`bah.
• Tawaf sunnah, namely tawaf that can be carried out at any time.
• Tawaf madzar, namely the thawaf that is promised (promised).
• Tawaf wada, namely the thawaf that is done when leaving the holy land (when going home).

Sa`i,

namely jogging from the hill of Shafa to the hill of Marwah and preferably seven times. The conditions for sa`i are as follows:

• Starting from the hill of Shafa and ending on the hill of Marwah.
• Done after the thawaf, both the qudum thawaf and the ifadah thawaf.
• Worked seven times.
• Tahalul, which means shaving or cutting part of the hair on the head.
• Order or Order.

Mandatory Hajj

The obligatory pilgrimage is the practices in the pilgrimage that must be performed, but the legitimacy of the pilgrimage does not depend on it. If he is abandoned, his pilgrimage is still valid by replacing it with dam (paying a fine). There are seven obligatory Hajj, namely:

• Berihram according to the miqat.
• Overnight muzdalifah.
• Overnight (mabit) in Mina.
• Throwing Jumroh aqobah.
• Throwing jumroh Ula, Wustho and aqabah.
• Stay away from things that are prohibited in ihram.
• Tawaf wada.

Sunnah Hajj

The sunnah of Hajj is an act that is recommended to be carried out by people who worship Hajj. There are several sunnahs of Hajj, which are as follows:

• Performing Hajj by way of ifrad.
• Reciting the talbiyah starts from ihram until throwing the jumrah aqabah on the 10th of zulhijah.
• Read the prayer after reading the talbiyah prayer.
• Tawaf qudum, namely thawaf when he first arrived in the city of Mecca al-Muqaramah.
• Perform sunnah prayers two cycles after completing Tawaf Qudum.
• Kiss the Black Stone.

Hajj Prohibitions

In carrying out the pilgrimage there are several prohibitions that may not be violated and if violated will be subject to dams (fine). Prohibitions that may not be carried out by the pilgrims are as follows:

Men's Special Prohibition :

• Wearing sewn clothes while in ihram. Pilgrims may only be male and can only wear white cloth that is not sewn.
• Wearing a cap while in ihram.
• Wearing shoes that cover the ankles during ihram.

Women's only prohibition

• Wearing face cover.
• wearing gloves.

Prohibition for Male and Female Congregation

• Cutting and removing nails.
• Cutting or plucking head hair, plucking other body hair, combing head hair, and so on.
• Wearing good fragrance on the body, clothes and hair except for those worn before ihram.
• Hunt or kill land animals in any way while in ihram.
• Holding a marriage, marrying a liana or being a representative in a marriage ceremony or applying.
• Make out with lust or intercourse. If a husband and wife have intercourse before tahalul, his Hajj is invalidated.
• Swearing, swearing, fighting, saying dirty words, etc.
• Cutting or chopping down trees or uprooting all kinds of things that grow on sacred land.

The prohibition of these prohibitions must be paid attention to whoever violates them then he will be used and fined).

Dam (fine) In Hajj

In terms of etymology, and the meaning is blood, while according to the terminology and meaning is flowing blood or slaughtering livestock as ransom for violations done.

Types of Hajj and Their Differences

In carrying out the pilgrimage there are 3 kinds of ways in its implementation, namely as follows:

Hajj Ifrad

Ifrad Hajj is Hajj that is done by performing Hajj first, then performing Umrah, so in this case we do ihram twice, namely from the miqat for hajj and ihram again from the miqat for umrah and carry out all the work umrah. All of this was done after the pilgrimage.

Haji Tammatu

is a way of performing Hajj by performing Umrah first in the months of Hajj and after completing it then perform Hajj.

Hajj Qiran

is to perform Hajj and Umrah together, so in this case perform ihram from the miqat with the intention to perform Hajj and Umrah at the same time.

Procedure for the Implementation of the Hajj Pilgrimage

The order of pilgrimage can be stated as follows:

1. Ihram.
2. Wukuf in Arafat.
3. Mabit at Muzdalifah.
4. Throw jumroh aqobah.
5. Tawaf Ifadah.
6. Doing sa`i.
7. Tahallul.
8. Overnight (mabit) in Mina.
9. Tawaf Wadaa`.

Umrah conditions

There are two conditions for Umrah, namely mandatory conditions and legal conditions:

Umrah Compulsory Requirements

• Islam
• Balig
• Reasonable
• Independent
• Capable.

Umrah valid requirements

• Islam.
• Balig.
• Reasonable.
• Independent.

Pillars of Umrah

There are five pillars of Umrah, namely as follows.

• Ihram.
• Tawaf is circling the Kaaba 7 times with the intention of performing Umrah.
• Sa`i.
• Tahalul.
• Orderly.
• Mandatory Umrah
• Ihram at Miqat.
• Leaving all prohibitions on Umrah as prohibited on Hajj.

Procedure for the Implementation of Umrah

Umrah worship is a series of pilgrimage activities, umrah is often called the minor pilgrimage, while Hajj is called the Arafah pilgrimage. The order of doing Umrah is as follows.
Ihram is accompanied by the intention of umrah in the heart, solely hoping to please Allah SWT.
Then enter the Grand Mosque to perform Tawaf 7 times (same as during Hajj).
After the thawaf, continue sa`i between the hills of Safa and the hills of Marwah.
Finished sa`i then tahalul and so on as in the implementation of the pilgrimage.

Miqat Umrah

As is the case with the pilgrimage, in the umrah worship there is also an iqatmukani which in principle is the same as the miqat of the pilgrimage, for the umrah period there is none (all the time).

Prohibition in Umrah Worship

Prohibitions in Umrah worship are the same as prohibitions in Hajj.

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